2: II- First-order Logic
- Page ID
- 121593
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 2.1: Syntax and Semantics
- 2.1.1: Introduction
- 2.1.2: First-Order Languages
- 2.1.3: Terms and Formulas
- 2.1.4: Unique Readability
- 2.1.5: Main operator of a Formula
- 2.1.6: Subformulas
- 2.1.7: Free Variables and Sentences
- 2.1.8: Substitution
- 2.1.9: Structures for First-order Languages
- 2.1.10: Covered Structures for First-order Languages
- 2.1.11: Satisfaction of a Formula in a Structure
- 2.1.12: Variable Assignments
- 2.1.13: Extensionality
- 2.1.14: Semantic Notions
- 2.1.15: Summary
- 2.4: The Sequent Calculus
- 2.4.1: Rules and Derivations
- 2.4.2: Propositional Rules
- 2.4.3: Quantifier Rules
- 2.4.4: Structural Rules
- 2.4.5: Derivations
- 2.4.6: Examples of Derivations
- 2.4.7: Derivations with Quantifiers
- 2.4.8: Proof-Theoretic Notions
- 2.4.9: Derivability and Consistency
- 2.4.10: Derivability and the Propositional Connectives
- 2.4.11: Derivability and the Quantifiers
- 2.4.12: Soundness
- 2.4.13: Derivations with Identity predicate
- 2.4.14: Soundness with Identity predicate
- 2.4.15: Summary
- 2.5: Natural Deduction
- 2.5.1: Rules and Derivations
- 2.5.2: Propositional Rules
- 2.5.3: Quantifier Rules
- 2.5.4: Derivations
- 2.5.5: Examples of Derivations
- 2.5.6: Derivations with Quantifiers
- 2.5.7: Proof-Theoretic Notions
- 2.5.8: Derivability and Consistency
- 2.5.9: Derivability and the Propositional Connectives
- 2.5.10: Derivability and the Quantifiers
- 2.5.11: Soundness
- 2.5.12: Derivations with Identity predicate
- 2.5.13: Soundness with Identity predicate
- 2.5.14: Summary
- 2.6: The Completeness Theorem
- 2.6.1: Introduction
- 2.6.2: Outline of the Proof
- 2.6.3: Complete Consistent Sets of Sentences
- 2.6.4: Henkin Expansion
- 2.6.5: Lindenbaum’s Lemma
- 2.6.6: Construction of a Model
- 2.6.7: Identity
- 2.6.8: The Completeness Theorem
- 2.6.9: The Compactness Theorem
- 2.6.10: A Direct Proof of the Compactness Theorem
- 2.6.11: The Löwenheim-Skolem Theorem
- 2.6.12: Summary