2: Formal Methods of Evaluating Arguments Last updated Save as PDF Page ID 205017 Matthew Van Cleave Lansing Community College 2.1: What is a Formal Method of Evaluation and Why Do We Need Them? 2.2: Propositional Logic and the Four Basic Truth Functional Connectives 2.3: Negation and Disjunction 2.4: Using Paranthesis to Translate Complex Sentences 2.5: "Not Both" and "Neither Nor" 2.6: The Truth Table Test of Validity 2.7: Conditionals 2.8: "Unless" 2.9: Material Equivalence 2.10: Tautologies, Contradictions, and Contingent Statements 2.11: Proofs and the Eight Valid Forms of Inference 2.12: How to Construct Proofs 2.13: Short Review of Propositional Logic 2.14: Categorical Logic 2.15: The Venn Test of Validity for Immediate Categorical Inferences 2.16: Universal Statements and Existential Commitment 2.17: Venn Validity for Categorical Syllogisms