8.2: Pronunciation
- Page ID
- 195404
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Focus I: Reduced forms of going to, have to, want to
Note: This recording includes Focus I and Practice I.
Some common verbs such as have, going, and want blend pronunciation with the preposition “to.” This is called a reduced pronunciation and is very common in spoken English.
1. Gonna - Gonna is a reduction of going to. This pronunciation is common in informal speaking but is always written “going to”.
Example: I’m gonna play badminton on my vacation.
2. Hafta - Hafta is a reduction of have to. This pronunciation is common in informal speaking but is always written “have to”.
Example: I hafta make dinner tonight.
3. Wanna - Wanna is a reduction of want to. This pronunciation is common in informal speaking but is always written “want to”.
Example: Do you wanna play soccer?
Practice I
Directions: Listen to the following conversation between a husband and wife talking about dinner plans. Write the missing reductions that you hear. Some are used more than once. Your choices are below:
wanna, hafta, gonna
What’s for dinner?
Husband: Honey, what are you ___________________ cook for dinner?
Wife: I’m not sure I ___________________ use up some leftovers.
Husband: Oh no, not again. Are you ___________________ make another casserole?
Wife: No, I think I’m ___________________ make soup with the leftovers.
Husband: I ___________________ go out to eat. I think we should go to the new Thai restaurant.
Wife: Oh honey, we ___________________ cut back our expenses. Maybe, next week we can go out to eat.
Husband: Okay…but we ___________________ try a new restaurant. Maybe one that’s not too expensive?
Focus II: Reduced forms of kind of, sort of, and lots of
Note: This recording includes Focus II and Practice II.
Some common words such as kind, sort, and lots blend pronunciation with the preposition “of.” This is called a reduced pronunciation and is very common in spoken English.
1. Kinda - Kinda is a reduction of kind of. This pronunciation is common in informal speaking but is always written “kind of”.
Example: I kinda like playing guitar. It’s fun!
2. Sorta - Sorta is a reduction of sort of. This pronunciation is common in informal speaking but is always written “sort of”.
Example: They sorta like exercising. They only go to the gym once a month.
3. Lotsa - Lotsa is a reduction of lots of. This pronunciation is common in informal speaking but is always written “lots of”.
Example: Lotsa people like to play soccer. It’s a very popular sport.
Practice II
Directions: Listen to the following conversation between Kim and Maria about a cooking class. Write the missing reductions that you hear. Some are used more than once. Your choices are below:
kinda, sorta, lotsa
The Cooking Class
Kim: I kinda don’t want to take a cooking class. I mean I ___________________ know how to cook already.
Maria: Really? What can you cook?
Kim: Oh, I can cook ___________________ things. I __________________ know how to make toast and instant noodles.
Maria: ___________________ people know how to make those. Those are easy.
Kim: Well, I don’t know. The class seems ___________________ boring.
Maria: Don’t worry, I’ll take the class with you. We’ll have ___________________ fun. Plus, we get to eat what we make!
Partner activity II
Directions: Find a partner. Write ten sentences about yourself with reduced forms of going to, have to, want to, kind of, sort of, and lots of. Take turns reading the sentences.
Example: I hafta work tonight.
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