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5.14: Lección- Vocales, sílabas y diptongos

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    238866
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    El español emplea cinco sonidos vocálicos básicos, que casi siempre se pronuncian igual que en el abecedario: Spanish employs five vowel sounds, each of which is generally pronounced the same way as in the alphabet, regardless of their position in a word:
    A a alma, casa, Argentina
    E e ele, lee, cena, Ecuador
    O o ojo, hoja, cooperar, Ontario
    I i iris, fin, millaje, Indiana
    U u* un, plus, ungüento, Uruguay
    *Recuerde que la <u> no se pronuncia en las combinaciones: gue, gui, que, qui (ver §2).
    Puede escuchar estas vocales en: Wikcionario: Sonidos básicos del español.

    Tipos de vocales


    a, e, o se llaman vocales abiertas o fuertes porque, si están juntas en una palabra, se pronuncian en dos sílabas diferentes:
    po-e-maca-os le-erta-re-a
    a, e, o are called "strong" vowels because, when next to each other in a word, are pronounced in two different syllables:
    po-e-maca-osle-erta-re-a
    i, u se llaman vocales cerradas o débiles porque, al combinarse con cualquier otra vocal, generalmente se pronuncian en una sola sílaba:
    rui-dotrau-mavien-tobue-noai-rea-gua
    i, u are called "weak" because, in combination with any other vowel, are generally pronounced in one single syllable:
    rui-dotrau-mavien-tobue-noai-rea-gua
    • Una vocal es tónica cuando tiene el acento o énfasis dentro de la palabra. Así, en la palabra "Argentina", la vocal tónica es <i>. • A vowel is stressed when it is emphasized within a word. Thus, in the word "Argentina", the stressed vowel is <i>.
    • Una vocal es átona cuando no tiene el acento o énfasis dentro de la palabra. Así, en la palabra "Argentina", las vocales <a>, <e> son átonas. • A vowel is unstressed when it is not emphasized within a word. Thus, in the word "Argentina", the vowels <a> and <e> are unstressed.

    Sílabas y diptongos


    Una sílaba es un grupo de sonidos pronunciado alrededor de una o más vocales en una sola bocanada de aire. Por ejemplo, Pa-na-má tiene tres sílabas; cla-ro tiene dos; bien tiene una. A syllable is a group of sounds which is pronounced around one or more vowels in a single breath of air. For example, Pa-na-má has three syllables; cla-ro has two; bien has one.
    En español, un diptongo es la combinación de dos vocales pronunciadas en una sola sílaba. Forman diptongo*:
    • dos vocales cerradas: fui-mos, ciu-dad
    • o una vocal cerrada átona con una abierta:
    dia-rio, eu-ro, cuo-ta, a-gua
    Dos vocales abiertas o una vocal duplicada nunca forman diptongo:
    ma-es-tro, te-a-tro, co-o-pe-rar, po-e-ta, ca-os, chi-i-ta
    *Esta información es relevante para entender la lógica de las tildes (ver §04)
    In Spanish, only the combination of two vowels in a single syllable is considered a true diphthong. It can be*:
    • two weak vowels: fui-mos, ciu-dad
    • or an unstressed weak vowel with a strong one:
    dia-rio, eu-ro, cuo-ta, a-gua
    Two strong vowels or double vowels are never pronounced as a diphthong:
    ma-es-tro, te-a-tro, co-o-pe-rar, po-e-ta, ca-os, chi-i-ta
    *This information is relevant for the understanding of the written accent rules (see §04):
    ► Para una explicación más detallada sobre cómo dividir las sílabas en español, ver Apéndice 2.

    Resumen


    Vocales abiertas o fuertes (strong): a e o Vocales cerradas o débiles (weak): i u
    Cuando una vocal cerrada átona se combina con cualquier otra vocal, se pronuncian en una sola sílaba (diptongo): dia-rio, cuo-ta, ciu-dad.
    Dos vocales abiertas nunca forman diptongo: ma-es-tro, te-a-tro, co-o-pe-rar, po-e-ta, ca-os.

    ¡A practicar!


    This page titled 5.14: Lección- Vocales, sílabas y diptongos is shared under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Enrique Yepes.