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11.5: Key Terms

Last updated

Aug 6, 2022
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- 11.4: Political Ideologies
- 11.6: Review Questions

Nathan Smith et al.
OpenStax

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Ahimsa: a foundational principle in Indian philosophy to refrain from harming oneself or others.

Alienation: in Marxism, the estrangement of workers from their work and from themselves due to capitalist exploitation.

Anarchism: a state of no governance or political oversight.

Aristocracy: a class of people considered to be elite members of society.

Capital: money and commodities.

Democracy: government either by elected representatives of the people or directly by the people themselves.

Divine rule: a doctrine of political authority in which the legitimacy of the monarch or ruler is derived from the will of the divine.

Egalitarianism: the notion that all individuals enjoy equal status and moral worth and that any legitimate system of government should reflect this in its policies and procedures.

Legitimacy: in governance, acceptance of one’s right to rule by the people being ruled.

Mohism: the philosophy of the Chinese philosopher Mozi or the teachings of the Mozi, a book thought to be a collection of writings by followers of Mozi’s teachings.

Monarchy: a system of rule by one individual, who usually inherits their position.

Natural law: moral law naturally intuited by humankind, according to the rationality given to them by God.

Negative liberty: a state in which one is neither constrained to act nor obligated to refrain from acting in a specific way.

Political philosophy: the branch of philosophy that investigates concepts of justice and legitimacy as well as the relationships among political systems, governments, and the people.

Social contract: an agreement among members of society to cooperate and allow some limits of their natural rights in exchange for protection and mutual benefits provided by government.

Totalitarianism: a system of government that exercises complete control over its people in terms of both their personal and their public lives.

Veil of ignorance: an imagined scenario in which a person deliberately remains unaware of any personal traits and does not know what social, political, or economic group they are in.

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