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- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Introduction_to_Philosophy_(OpenStax)/03%3A_The_Early_History_of_Philosophy_around_the_World/3.05%3A_Key_Termsa normative moral theory developed in ancient China during the Warring States period that proposes that the development of individual character is key to the achievement of an ethical and harmonious s...a normative moral theory developed in ancient China during the Warring States period that proposes that the development of individual character is key to the achievement of an ethical and harmonious society. a belief system developed in ancient China that encourages the practice of living in accordance with the dao, the natural way of the universe and all things. a way of thinking that relies on the folk knowledge and narratives that often form part of the spiritual beliefs of a people.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Introduction_to_Philosophy_(OpenStax)/02%3A_Critical_Thinking_Research_Reading_and_Writing/2.04%3A_Gathering_Information_Evaluating_Sources_and_Understanding_EvidenceFigure 2.6 The four moves for student fact checkers: stop; investigate the source; find better coverage; and trace the claims to the original context. (credit: “SIFT (The Four Moves)” by Michael Caulf...Figure 2.6 The four moves for student fact checkers: stop; investigate the source; find better coverage; and trace the claims to the original context. (credit: “SIFT (The Four Moves)” by Michael Caulfield/hapgood.us, CC BY 4.0) Rather, Wineburg and Mcgrew (2016) found that fact-checkers used search tools to check the reputation of the sites they were investigating, a move they called “reading laterally.” You do not have to spend a lot of time on the site itself.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Introduction_to_Philosophy_(OpenStax)/09%3A_Normative_Moral_Theory/9.01%3A_Requirements_of_a_Normative_Moral_TheoryThis section focuses on the how normative moral theories relate to other branches of ethics, examines the requirements of normative moral theories, and introduces three major types of moral theories. ...This section focuses on the how normative moral theories relate to other branches of ethics, examines the requirements of normative moral theories, and introduces three major types of moral theories. A fully worked out moral theory often addresses all three areas of ethics (metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics), but its aim will be establishing and defending the norms of conduct it recommends.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Introduction_to_Philosophy_(OpenStax)/10%3A_Applied_Ethics/10.01%3A_The_Challenge_of_BioethicsGenesis 2:7 describes how God created the first man, Adam: “then the Lord God formed man from the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and the man became a living bei...Genesis 2:7 describes how God created the first man, Adam: “then the Lord God formed man from the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and the man became a living being.” One of the Hebrew words for soul, neshama, also means “breath.” In Judaism, the introduction of form or soul into the body becomes an act of God that gives life.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Introduction_to_Philosophy_(OpenStax)/05%3A_Logic_and_Reasoning/5.02%3A_Logical_StatementsAdditional examples of if–then statements are “If you eat your meat, then you can have some pudding” and “If that animal is a dog, then it is a mammal.” But there are other ways to express conditional...Additional examples of if–then statements are “If you eat your meat, then you can have some pudding” and “If that animal is a dog, then it is a mammal.” But there are other ways to express conditionals, such as “You can have pudding only if you eat your meat” or “All dogs are mammals.” While these sentences are different, their logical meaning is the same as their correlative if–then sentences above.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Introduction_to_Philosophy_(OpenStax)/12%3A_Contemporary_Philosophies_and_Social_Theories/12.06%3A_Key_Termsthe first-person study of how the “phenomena” of the world impact the consciousness, in contrast and response to philosophical schools of thought that start philosophical reflection with the realm of ...the first-person study of how the “phenomena” of the world impact the consciousness, in contrast and response to philosophical schools of thought that start philosophical reflection with the realm of ideas. the belief that the universe has a certain objective structure to it and that language indicates this structure; the belief that in order to understand individual parts of the universe, one must understand their place in the overarching structure of things.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Introduction_to_Philosophy_(OpenStax)/01%3A_Introduction_to_Philosophy/1.06%3A_Key_Termsthe portion of a sentence that provides the description or characterization of an object or name. (A philosophical predicate is different from the predicate of grammar, and their definitions should no...the portion of a sentence that provides the description or characterization of an object or name. (A philosophical predicate is different from the predicate of grammar, and their definitions should not be confused.) the core or absolute set of moral and religious duties ordained for all people of ancient India, regardless of class or caste, and that predate the term Hinduism.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Introduction_to_Philosophy_(OpenStax)/06%3A_Metaphysics/6.02%3A_Self_and_IdentityHume noted that what has been mistaken for a static and enduring self was nothing more than a constantly changing set of impressions that were tied together through their resemblance to one another, t...Hume noted that what has been mistaken for a static and enduring self was nothing more than a constantly changing set of impressions that were tied together through their resemblance to one another, the order or predictable pattern (succession) of the impressions, and the appearance of causation lent through the resemblance and succession.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Introduction_to_Philosophy_(OpenStax)/08%3A_Value_TheoryThis chapter will help you understand what a value is and how it differs from facts, the types of questions and distinctions that help people discuss values and their relations, and specific areas of ...This chapter will help you understand what a value is and how it differs from facts, the types of questions and distinctions that help people discuss values and their relations, and specific areas of value theory like metaethics and aesthetics.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Introduction_to_Philosophy_(OpenStax)/11%3A_Political_PhilosophyA branch of philosophy that looks at how society determines governance, political philosophy also considers core concepts such as justice, citizenship, and authority; investigates questions of legitim...A branch of philosophy that looks at how society determines governance, political philosophy also considers core concepts such as justice, citizenship, and authority; investigates questions of legitimacy in political institutions; and examines the rights, freedoms, and responsibilities a citizen may hold in a society.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Introduction_to_Philosophy_(OpenStax)/04%3A_The_Emergence_of_Classical_Philosophy/4.04%3A_SummaryA hermeneutic approach attempts to take the best of the presentist and contextualists approaches, viewing the historical context of original texts seriously but also recognizing that our interpretatio...A hermeneutic approach attempts to take the best of the presentist and contextualists approaches, viewing the historical context of original texts seriously but also recognizing that our interpretation of history is connected to and conditioned by our contemporary context. Unlike the classical Greek and Roman philosophers, the Jewish, Christian, or Muslim philosopher always works with a partner, the events and facts central to the religion.
