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7.6: Key Terms

Last updated

Aug 6, 2022
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- 7.5: Applied Epistemology
- 7.7: Review Questions

Nathan Smith et al.
OpenStax

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A posteriori knowledge: knowledge gained through experience.

A priori knowledge: knowledge that can be gained prior to or independent of experience.

Coherentism: the theory that a belief is justified if it is part of a coherent system of interconnected beliefs.

Contextualism: the view that the truth of knowledge attributions depends on the context.

Epistemic injustice: injustice that arises from or is related to epistemological issues.

Epistemic peer: a person who is in an equal epistemic position as you relative to some domain.

Epistemology: the field within philosophy that focuses on questions pertaining to the nature and extent of human knowledge.

Externalism: any epistemological theory that does not solely use a subjects’ mental states to determine justification.

Foundationalism: the belief that all truth is either self-evident or derivable from some truth that is self-evident.

Gettier case: a case, usually presented as a hypothetical scenario, that acts as a counterexample to the traditional account of knowledge as justified true belief.

Global skeptic: someone who rejects the possibility of knowledge in general.

Hermeneutical injustice: a type of epistemic injustice that occurs when a society’s language and concepts cannot adequately capture the experience of people, thereby limiting understanding of their experiences.

Historical reliabilism: an epistemological theory that proposes that processes that reliably produce true beliefs confer justification on those beliefs.

Internalism: any epistemological theory that focuses solely on subjects’ mental states to determine justification.

Knowledge by acquaintance: knowledge gained from direct contact with something and not mediated by inference.

Local skeptic: someone who question the possibility of knowledge only in particular areas of study.

Procedural knowledge: knowledge of how to successfully complete a task.

Propositional knowledge: knowledge of facts that can be expressed as statements.

Skepticism: the view that some or all knowledge is impossible.

Standpoint epistemology: study of the relationship between an individual’s social status and their epistemic position.

Statement: A declarative sentence that has a truth value, meaning that it must be either true or false.

Testimonial injustice: a type of epistemic injustice that occurs when the opinions of individuals or groups are unfairly ignored or treated as untrustworthy.

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