17:7 Resumen de usos del subjuntivo
- Page ID
- 128872
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)El subjuntivo se emplea en cláusulas que vienen después de:
| 1. expresiones de INFLUENCIA (mandato indirecto):* | Quieren que funcione.* | ► Cláusulas sustantivas |
| 2. expresiones de EMOCIÓN:* | Es bueno que funcione.* | |
| 3. expresiones de DUDA o INCREDULIDAD: | No creen que funcione. | |
| 4. expresiones que NIEGAN algo: | No es verdad que funcione. | |
| 5. alguien o algo hipotético o que no existe: | Buscan un programa que funcione. | ► Cláusulas adjetivas |
| 6. conjunciones que introducen un hecho hipotético o anticipado:* | Lo usarán cuando funcione. No lo usarán hasta* que funcione. |
► Cláusulas adverbiales |
| 7. la conjunción si para hechos poco probables o imposibles, (solo con el pretérito del subjuntivo): |
Si funcionara, lo usarían. (el presente del subjuntivo nunca se usa después de si) |
► Cláusulas con "si" |
| 8. Ojalá (que), a menos que, no hay +nada/nadie/ningún+ que ("No hay nada que funcione, ojalá funcionara") | ||
| * en estos casos, se emplea el infinitivo si el sujeto de la cláusula es el mismo principal: Esperan hasta terminar (ellos esperan, ellos terminan) | ||
Use the Subjunctive in clauses preceded by:
| 1. an expression of INFLUENCE (indirect command):* | Quieren que funcione.* | ► Noun clauses |
| 2. an expression of EMOTION:* | Es bueno que funcione.* | |
| 3. an expression of DOUBT or DISBELIEF: | No creen que funcione. | |
| 4. an expression of DENIAL: | No es verdad que funcione. | |
| 5. a hypothetical or nonexistent person or thing: | Buscan un programa que funcione. | ► Adjective clauses |
| 6. a conjunction presenting a hypothetical or anticipated event:* | Lo usarán cuando funcione. No lo usarán hasta* que funcione. |
► Adverb clauses |
| 7. the conjunction "if" (si) for unlikely or contrary-to-fact events, (past subjunctive only): |
Si funcionara, lo usarían. (Never use the present subjunctive after si) |
► "if" clauses |
| 8. Ojalá (que), a menos que, no hay +nada/nadie/ningún+ que ("No hay nada que funcione, ojalá funcionara") | ||
| * in these cases the infinitive is used when there is only one subject: Esperan hasta terminar (they wait until they finish) | ||