2.11: On analyse - La négation
- Page ID
- 259302
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)The questions above are called yes/no questions and will have either an affirmative or negative answer. In French you need two words to negate a sentence, ne and pas (=not). The two words are placed around (before and after) the conjugated verb.
1. On apprend
#Grammaire #LaNégation
Lisez les explications et complétez les activités : basic negation: ne ... pas
** Potential ADAPT/H5P problem
Now with a partner, take turns answering the questions you made in A and B. If the answer is ‘non’ make sure to: 1) answer the question with a full sentence and 2) provide the correct answer.
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Modèle: Question: Est-ce que Yasmina est de Nouvelle-Zélande ? Answer: 1) Non, elle n’est pas de Nouvelle-Zélande, 2) elle est de Belgique. |
2. On s’entraine
** Potential ADAPT/H5P problem
With a partner, take turns transforming the following sentences into yes/no questions (using rising intonation or est-ce que) and answering them.
- Il est 8h.
- Tu es suisse.
- Tu étudies la gestion de la chaîne logistique.
- Tu danses le tango.
- Tu parles wolof.
- Ton cours de français est à 14h.
- Ton anniversaire est en février.
- A sentence of your choice.
- A sentence of your choice.
Once you have completed this activity, each group will share the questions they made for #8 & #9 and all students will answer.
3. On regarde
Les activités, les horaires et l’heure.
Ch 2 Devoirs 6
One of the ways that French is currently changing is through the way it marks negation. In written French, the two-part system ne…pas placed around the conjugated verb is preferred. However, in spoken French, the tendency is to drop the ne and only use the second part, e.g. Je ne suis pas (written) > Je suis pas (spoken). Ne-dropping has been attested in French since the 16th century and has become more prevalent over time. All varieties of French exhibit ne-dropping conditioned by stylistic factors: the more formal the situation, the more likely speakers are to use ne in their speech.
You might wonder why this change is happening. We don’t always know the exact reason for all the changes that languages undergo, but in this case, we do. Before the two-part ne…pas system, French behaved like other Romance languages and marked negation through just the use of ne placed before the verb, e.g. Je ne suis (compare with preverbal no in Spanish and Italian; nu in Romanian; não in Portuguese). In the 17th century, French began adding an emphatic element that came after the verb to reinforce the ne. Modern day pas comes from the Latin word PASSUM ‘step’; the addition of the second part was often used with verbs of motion, e.g. je ne marche pas ‘I don’t walk a step’. As the pas began to lose its emphatic meaning, it became associated with the negation it once emphasized, freeing the ne up to be readily deleted.