4.11: Cover Page, Abstract, and Sample Pages

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Frost & Samra et al.
Kellogg Community College

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Running head: HAND HYGIENE 1

The Effects of Hand Hygiene Programs

Jane Junjabi

Kellogg Community College

HAND HYGIENE 2

Abstract

Hand sanitizer dispensers have become standard features in public spaces like weight rooms, hospitals, grocery stores, and schools. With our collective fear mounting each flu season, not to mention recent outbreaks of the Avian flu, some studies have revealed that hand washing programs in schools and hospitals can indeed decrease the spread of infection. However, these same studies suggest that simply increasing student and employee awareness of how germs spread is often just as vital as providing sanitation stations.

APA: Sample Pages

HAND HYGIENE 3

The Effects of Hand Hygiene Programs

Handwashing is a simple and easy way to prevent illness from spreading. Nowhere is this more important than in the place where millions of children gather daily: schools. Many government resources exist to illustrate the importance of good hand hygiene (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). It is crucial for students to understand the importance of this simple disease-prevention tool.

Before examining what is being done to instruct students on handwashing, it is important to understand past efforts to promote handwashing in public spaces. Larson and Lusk (2006) have been investigating a controlled and scientific method for evaluating medical personnel and their handwashing techniques. The authors admit that handwashing remains an easy topic for a research study due to the “never ending stream of new knowledge to describe and apply” (p. 50). Other websites point to trends in handwashing techniques, including timed scrubs (“Safety Dancing,” n.d.). Even within the medical community a number of innovative techniques have been implemented to raise awareness about proper handwashing technique. For example, medical staff from Hamilton Hospital collaborated to create a video demonstrating

HAND HYGIENE 4

proper technique while grooving to an adaption of Disney’s “Let It Go” (Noblecase, 2015).

In addition, one hospital director described a mandate her staff tried to enforce: doctors and nurses were expected to loudly sing the birthday song while washing hands in order to ensure that they scrubbed for the appropriate amount of time (P. Zachinko, personal communication, February 5, 2017). While ultimately abandoned in favor of more neutral signage, this last initiative shows the lengths to which hospitals will go to reinforce hand washing among staff. Examining a local hospital policy manual reveals different

procedures for the level of hygiene required:

Heightened hand hygiene involves the use of a sustained hand wash upon entering a patient’s room as well as after returning to the same space following a break or meal....

Heightened hand safety [requires] medicated soap that, in this facility, consists of a 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate solution. (Health Care Facility, 2015, para. 7) Other hospitals had similar suggestions in their policy manuals, all of which included a detailed discussion of methods as well as prescribed times for use within specific situations. Londt, Lazaros, and Xu (2013) detail a teaching scenario which allows for allied health students to learn more about the benefits of

APA: The References Page

HAND HYGIENE 10 References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Hand hygiene in

healthcare settings. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/handhygiene/ providers/index.html [ Government website listing agency responsible for the site ]

Health Care Facility. (2015, August 12). Handwashing policy. Retrieved

from Health Care Facility. [ Internal policy manual, with hospital name withheld ]

Larson, E., & Lusk, E. (2006). Evaluating handwashing technique.

Journal of Advanced Nursing , 53 (1), 46-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1365- 2648.2006.03666.x [ Article from our databases with a DOI easily found ]

Londt, S., Lazaros, E. J., & Xu, R. (2013). The drama of the ‘ick’ factor: Students learn how germs spread. Tech Directions , 73 (5), 18-21. Retrieved from CINAHL.

[ Article from our databases—If no doi available, use database name ]

Noblecase. (2015, October 12). Letting go of germs [Video File].

Retrieved from youtube/TGddy

[ YouTube video ]

Safety dancing: Hygiene trends. (n.d.). Retrieved Jan. 5, 2017, from

www.wittenwif.edu/hygienetrends/html [ Website with no author and no date ]

Walter, D. E. (2013). Hygiene policing. Indianapolis, IN: C & C Press.

[ Book ]