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2: The Industrial Revolution (1800 CE – 1900 CE)

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    174401

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    • 2.1: Introduction
      By the 19th century, the continents were generally known, trade had expanded across the oceans, the balance of power had changed, settlers moved freely from one continent to another, and the industrial age fueled massive economic changes. Power also moved from royalty and the church to wealthy merchants and a burgeoning middle class.
    • 2.2: Realism (1848-1880)
      During this period, revolutionary changes were happening throughout Europe, bringing an expansion of nationalism and the interest of state borders tempered by the interconnections of the industrial revolution.
    • 2.3: Impressionism (1874-1886)
      Impressionism significantly changed the process of painting, influencing artists around the world. The main passion the Impressionistic artists all shared was light and color, how the light made colors intense or changed the hue.
    • 2.4: Post-Impressionism (1886-1905)
      Post-Impressionism started as an extension to the use of color and light by the Impressionists, soon pushing past the limitations of the style into new expressions and moving from the short, broken brushstrokes to forms filled with bright colors.
    • 2.5: Yoga and Nihonga (1870-early 1900s)
      Paintings in Japan are categorized into Yōga and Nihonga; the categorization permeated every aspect of painting in Japan. Each category had its artists, exhibitions, competitions, judges, institutions, and educational curricula.
    • 2.6: Structures and Sculptures (1800-1900)
      With the Industrial Revolution came the ability for mass production of goods and materials, extensive manufacturing facilities, abundance of coal and power, transportation systems, and the accumulation of money by a few. Steel was a vital part of the revolution, the main components in buildings, railroads, and shipping.
    • 2.7: American Naturalism (1800-1900)
      Significant westward expansion originated in 1803 when Thomas Jefferson signed the Louisiana Purchase, paying France fifteen million dollars for land west of the Mississippi River from the Gulf of Mexico to the Canadian border. France only controlled a minimal amount of the region, most of the area inhabited by Native Americans.
    • 2.8: Qing Dynasty (1636 – 1911)
      When the Manchus from the northern part of China (10.2.1) descended into the south, they overtook the Ming dynasty, starting the Qing dynasty with a set of rulers that endeared for almost three hundred years. Earlier, the Mongols continually tried to overtake the Han Chinese until the Manchu defeated the Mongols. In 1636, as the Manchu Khan controlled much of China, the Great Wall remained the barrier to stop the invasion before reaching Beijing and the ocean.
    • 2.9: Ukiyo-e (1636-1911)
      In 1615, the Tokugawa clan consolidated their power in Japan. It moved the central government to Edo (modern Tokyo), and the Edo period (also known as the Tokugawa period) was relatively peaceful for the next 250 years. In contrast to the previous Momoyama period, the Tokugawa shogunate maintained stability, allowing for sustained prosperity based on an agrarian economy.

    Thumbnail:  Still Life: Vase with Twelve Sunflowers (oil on canvas, 95 x 73 cm) Public Domain 

    This page titled 2: The Industrial Revolution (1800 CE – 1900 CE) is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Deborah Gustlin & Zoe Gustlin (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) .