3.17: Los verbos regulares "-er", "-ir"
- Page ID
- 240083
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Regular "-er", "-ir" ending verbs
In 2.2.0 we mentioned that in Spanish, the basic form of a verb, or the infinitive form, always ends in either "-ar", "-er", OR "-ir".
(In the examples below, all infinitive endings are in blue.)
| Infinitive form |
|---|
|
bailar estudiar comer beber escribir vivir |
As a review, to conjugate "-ar" ending verbs, remove the "-ar" ending and replace it with the following endings:
(In the charts below, the subject pronouns and their conjugation endings are noted in blue.)
| Subject Pronoun (Singular) | Conjugation of -ar (bailar) | Subject Pronoun (Plural) | Conjugation of -ar (bailar) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | bailo | nosotros/nosotras | bailamos |
| tú | bailas | vosotros/vosotras | bailáis |
| usted, él/ella | baila | ustedes, ellos/ellas | bailan |
Regular verbs ending in "-er", "-ir" will follow the same conjugation pattern as regular "-ar" ending verbs, but with the following new endings:
| Subject Pronoun (Singular) | Conjugation of -er (comer) | Subject Pronoun (Plural) | Conjugation of -er (comer) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | como | nosotros/nosotras | comemos |
| tú | comes | vosotros/vosotras | coméis |
| usted, él/ella | come | ustedes, ellos/ellas | comen |
| Subject Pronoun (Singular) | Conjugation of -ir (abrir) | Subject Pronoun (Plural) | Conjugation of -ir (abrir) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | abro | nosotros/nosotras | abrimos |
| tú | abres | vosotros/vosotras | abrís |
| usted, él/ella | abre | ustedes, ellos/ellas | abren |
¡Ojo! The endings for "-er" and "-ir" are almost the same, except for the "nosotros, nosotras" and the "vosotros, vosotras" form.
When two verbs are used together in a sentence with no change of subject pronoun or noun, the second verb is not conjugated (infinitive). In a negative sentence, place the "no" before the conjugated verb:
| Examples |
|---|
|
Yo debo barrer el piso hoy. Yo no asisto a muchos conciertos. |
Common regular "-er", "-ir" verbs
| -er verbs | -ir verbs |
|---|---|
| aprender (a) - to learn | abrir - to open |
| barrer - to sweep | asistir (a) - to attend (a place/event) |
| beber - to drink | compartir - to share |
| comer - to eat | consumir - to consume |
| comprender - to understand | decidir - to decide |
| correr - to run | definir - to define |
| creer - to believe (in) | describir - to describe |
| deber - should | escribir - to write |
| leer - to read | insistir - to insist |
| meter - to put in; to insert | permitir - to allow |
| prender - to catch; to turn on | persistir - to persist |
| romper - to break | prohibir - to prohibit; to forbid |
| temer - to fear; to dread | recibir - to receive |
| vender - to sell | vivir - to live |
¡Ojo!
- Aprender: The "a" is required only when used with another verb in the infinitive:
Aprendo el español. (but) Aprendo "a" hablar el español.
- Asistir: Is not to be confused with the verb 'to assist' (helping someone). The "a" is required in the sentence when used with a "noun of place or event". When "a" is used with the masculine singular definite article "el", "a + el" combine to "al":
Asisto "al" partido de fútbol los domingos. Asistimos "a" la universidad.
- Prohibir: Requires a written accent on the letter "i" for all the conjugations except the "nosotros, nosotras" and the "vosotros, vosotras" form: prohíbo, prohíbes, prohíbe, prohibimos, prohibís, prohíben. All conjugations that require an accent on letter "i" are noted in bold.