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2.21: El pretérito con cambios de raíz

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    159305

    • Erica Brown, Alejandra Escudero, María Cristina Montoya, & Elizabeth Small
    • SUNY Oneonta via OER SUNY
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    Objetivos

    Identify the correct conjugations of stem-changing verbs in the preterit tense

    Do you remember the three groups of verbs that change their stem vowel when it’s stressed? They were presented in section 5.4 of the Español 1 book. If you don’t remember, you may want to review how these verbs work in the present tense before moving on with this chapter’s topic: stem-changers in the preterit tense.

    Stem-changing -AR and -ER verbs in the preterit

    -AR and -ER verbs that have a stem change in the present tense, don’t have a stem change in the preterit tense. For example:

    • (devolver) Play AudioYo devolví los pantalones por ser muy grandes. (I returned the pants for being too big.)
    • (volar) Play AudioEl billonario voló a España para comprar zapatos de cuero. (The billionaire flew to Spain to buy leather shoes.)

    Stem-changing -IR verbs in the preterit

    However, the -IR stem-changing verbs *do* have a change in the preterit: but it’s only in the third person (singular and plural), and -IR stem-changers will change their stem vowel to just the first letter of the stem-change they had in the present tense.

    So, -IR verbs that changed from “e” to “ie” in the present will change just from “e” to “i” in the preterit. -IR verbs that changed from “o” to “ue” in the present will change just from “o” to “u” in the preterit. And -IR verbs that changed from “e” to “i” in the present will do just that in the preterit.

    Conjugation of stem-changing -IR verbs in the preterit

    Play AudioPreferir (e-ie,i) to prefer Play AudioDormir (o-ue, u) to sleep Play AudioPedir (e-i,i) to request
    Play Audiopreferí Play Audiodormí Play Audiopedí
    Play Audiopreferiste Play Audiodormiste Play Audiopediste
    Play Audioprefirió Play Audiodurmió Play Audiopidió
    Play Audiopreferimos Play Audiodormimos Play Audiopedimos
    Play Audiopreferisteis Play Audiodormisteis Play Audiopedisteis
    Play Audioprefirieron Play Audiodurmieron Play Audiopidieron
    • Play Audio¿Pediste unas prendas de ropa de Zara.com? (Did you order/request some clothing from Zara.com?)
    • Play AudioNo, pero Luisa pidió mucha ropa de ese sitio. (No, but Luisa ordered lots of clothes from that site.)
    • Play AudioElla se vistió de pies a cabeza en ropa de Zara.com. (She dressed from head to toe in clothes from Zara.com.)

    The best way to learn these conjugations is to say them out loud until they sound right to you. Practice, and train your ear! Once you hear the endings and changes right in your head, you’ll be able to spell them right on the page.

    Attributions

    This page titled 2.21: El pretérito con cambios de raíz is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Erica Brown, Alejandra Escudero, María Cristina Montoya, & Elizabeth Small (OER SUNY) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request.