3.11: Putting It Together - Las actividades, la hora, los pasatiempos y los deportes

See below for a review summary of what you have learned this chapter to help you prepare for the assessment to demonstrate your mastery of the objectives.

Verbos con -ar

Verbs ending in -ar

• ayudar (to help)
• bailar (to dance) buscar (to look for)
• buscar (to look for)
• caminar (to walk)
• cantar (to sing)
• cocinar (to cook)
• comprar (to buy)
• descansar (to rest)
• desear (to wish)
• enseñar (to teach)
• escuchar (to listen)
• esquiar (to ski)
• estudiar (to study)
• ganar (to win)
• hablar (to talk)
• llamar (to call)
• llegar (to arrive)
• mandar (to send)
• mirar (to look at)
• nadar (to swim)
• necesitar (to need)
• practicar (to practice)
• preguntar (to ask)
• regresar (to return)
• tomar (to take)
• trabajar (to work)
• usar (to use)
• viajar (to travel)

Conjugation of –AR verbs

Regular verbs ending in –AR are conjugated in the present tense by removing the -AR infinitive ending and adding one of the following personal endings:

Regular -AR Verbs
	Singular	Plural
First	(yo) -o	(nosotros) -amos
Second	(tú) -as	(vosotros) -áis *
Third	(él / ella / usted) -a	(ellos / ellas / ustedes) -an

* Note: This second-person plural form (vosotros) is only used in the variety of Spanish used in Spain. In other Spanish dialects the third person plural form (ustedes) is used in both formal and informal plural direct-address situations.

Hablar :

(yo) hablo	(nosotros) hablamos
(tú) hablas	(vosotros) habláis*
(él / ella / usted) habla	(ellos / ellas / ustedes) hablan

La estructura de oraciones básicas (Basic Sentence Structure)

Statements

The basic structure of simple sentences in Spanish is the same as in English: subject – verb – object.

Yes-no questions

Either they have the same word order as a simple sentence and are spoken with a rising intonation instead of falling, or the verb and subject are reversed (verb – subject – object). Note that Spanish does NOT use an auxiliary or helping verb like English (do/does). In yes-no questions with an object, the word order depends on the length of the object. Short objects go before, whereas objects that are longer (several words) go after the subject

• ¿Estudiamos el español? (Do we study / are we studying Spanish?)
• ¿Viajan Ángela y Carlos? (Do Angela and Carlos travel / Are Angela and Carlos traveling?)
• ¿Comen frutas Noemi y Xavier? (Do Noemi and Xavier eat fruits / Are Noemi and Xavier eating fruits?)
• ¿Come Valeria el plato que preparas? (Does Valeria eat the dish you prepare / Is Valeria eating the dish you prepare?)

Negation

Answering affirmatively: say “sí” (yes) and state your answer.

• Sí, estudiamos el español.

Answering negatively: put the word “no” before the verb (subject – no – verb – object). The Spanish word “no” means both “no” and “not”.

• No, no estudiamos el francés. (No, we do not study French.)

Modal verbs

Some verbs can have another verb as their object; these are called modal verbs. The same person needs to be doing both actions, and the second verb is *not* conjugated.

• Deseo estudiar un idioma de cada continente. (I want to study one language from each continent.)
• Debo trabajar el viernes. (I must/should work Friday.)
• Me gusta dar un paseo los fines de semana. (I like to go for a walk on the weekends.)
• Quiero viajar este verano. (I want to travel this summer.)

Verbos con -er/-ir

Verbs ending in -er

• aprender (to learn)
• beber (to drink)
• comer (to eat)
• comprender (to understand)
• correr (to run)
• creer (to believe)
• deber (must, should)
• leer (to read)
• vender (to sell)

Verbs ending in -ir

• abrir (to open)
• compartir (to share)
• cumplir (to complete)
• decidir (to decide)
• describir (to describe)
• escribir (to write)
• recibir (to receive)
• vivir (to live)

Conjugation of –ER and –IR verbs

–ER and –IR verbs are conjugated similarly to –ar verbs, but with different characteristic vowels. In order to form the present tense, do as you did with –ar verbs: remove the –er or –ir ending from the infinitive, and then add the following endings to the stem.

Regular –ER/–IR Verbs
	Singular	Plural
First	(yo) -o	(nosotros) -emos / -imos *
Second	(tú) -es	(vosotros) -éis / -ís *
Third	(él / ella / usted) -e	(ellos / ellas / ustedes) -en

* Notice that the only differences between the endings of -er and -ir verbs in the present tense occur in the nosotros and vosotros forms.

Vivimos en una residencia ecológica y comemos comida vegetariana. (We live in an ecological dorm and we eat vegetarian food.)

(stem: beb)
singular	plural
yo bebo	nosotros bebemos*
tú bebes	vosotros bebéis*
él/ella/usted bebe	ellos/ellas/ustedes beben

vivir (to live)
(stem: viv)
singular	plural
yo vivo	nosotros vivimos*
tú vives	vosotros vivís*
él/ella/usted vive	ellos/ellas/ustedes viven

Adverbios

Adverbs are words or phrases that modifies an adjective, verb or even another adverb. They may describe when, where, and how actions are done. You learned the most common adverb in the first chapter of this textbook: bien (meaning “well”), which modifies the verb estar in the answer that everyone gives when asked ¿Cómo estás? —Estoy bien, gracias (I am well, thanks).

• a menudo (often)
• de vez en cuando (once in a while)
• jamás (ever, never)
• nunca (never)
• rara vez (rarely)
• siempre (always)

• bien (well)
• mal (badly)
• mejor (better)
• peor (worse, worst)

• abajo (below, downstairs)
• adelante (forward, to the front)
• allá (over there)
• allí (there)
• aquí (here)
• atrás (back, backwards)
• cerca (close, near)
• debajo (under, below)
• delante (in front, at the front)
• detrás (behind, at the back)
• enfrente (in front of)
• lejos (far, far away)

• bastante (quite, rather)
• casi (almost)
• demasiado (too much)
• más (more)
• menos (less)
• mucho (a lot)
• poco (a little)
• tan (so, such)

• ahora (now)
• anoche (last night)
• antes (before)
• ayer (yesterday)
• después (after)
• enseguida (right away, immediately)
• hoy (today)
• luego (then)
• mañana (tomorrow)
• mientras (in the meantime, while)
• pronto (soon)
• tarde (late)
• temprano (early)
• todavía (still, even so)
  *Since we have only learned to use the present tense, you'll only be using adverbs that correspond to the present time.

Adverb Placement

In Spanish, adverbs usually follow the verb they modify, especially adverbs that indicate manner or quantity.

• Araceli canta bien.
• Miguel estudia mucho.
• ¿Llegas temprano al aeropuerto?

Adverbs of frequency may go before the verb they modify, and are usually at the beginning or the end of a sentence.

• Manuel siempre cocina.
• Manuel cocina siempre.
• A veces estudio en casa.
• Estudio en casa a veces.
  * Siempre will not start the sentence in front of the subject: Siempre Manuel cocina (incorrect).

Adverbs that modify other adverbs or adjectives are placed in front of the word they modify.

• Nayeli y Arturo escriben muy bien.
• Mis padres (My parents) nadan bastante bien.

Adverbios de modo

Spanish turns many adjectives into adverbs by adding the suffix -mente to the feminine singular form of the adjective.

• normal → normalmente (normally)
• similar → similarmente (similarly)
• triste → tristemente (sadly)
• frecuente → frecuentemente (frequently)
• rápido → rápidamente (rapidly, quickly)
• largo → largamente (at length)

Vocabulario - Números 30-100

30 treinta
31 treinta y uno
32 treinta y dos
33 treinta y tres
34 treinta y cuatro
35 treinta y cinco
36 treinta y seis
37 treinta y siete
38 treinta y ocho
39 treinta y nueve
40 cuarenta
43 cuarenta y tres
49 cuarenta y nueve
50 cincuenta
51 cincuenta y uno
55 cincuenta y cinco
60 sesenta
62 sesenta y dos
66 sesenta y seis
70 setenta
73 setenta y tres
77 setenta y siete
80 ochenta
84 ochenta y cuatro
88 ochenta y ocho
90 noventa
99 noventa y nueve
100 cien

La hora

Telling time

Time is constructed using the following structure:

Es la / Son las + (hora) + y / menos + (minutos) + de la mañana / de la tarde / de la noche

¿Qué hora es?

5:00 → Son las cinco en punto. (It’s five o’clock sharp / on the dot.)
3:15 → Son las tres y cuarto. (It’s a quarter past three. – i.e. three-fifteen.)
4:30 → Son las cuatro y media. (It’s half past four. – i.e. four-thirty.)
1:40 → Son las dos menos veinte.*(It’s twenty to/of two. – i.e. one-forty.)
6:50 → Son diez para las siete.* (It’s ten to seven.—more common in Latin America)
1:00 → Es la una.** (It’s one o’clock.)
12:00 am → Es medianoche / Es la medianoche. (It’s midnight.)
12:00 pm → Es mediodía / Es el mediodía. (It’s noon / midday.)

* Note that once the time passes the 30-minute mark, we generally go up to the next hour and subtract the number of minutes before that hour.

** Son means “they are”, so son las… only works for numbers greater than one. To say “it’s one o’clock”, you have to say Es la una. (or Es la una en punto.)

Vocabulario - Los pasatiempos y los deportes

Los pasatiempos

• charlar (chat)
• jugar un juego de mesa (play a board game)
• dibujar (draw)
• jugar a los bolos (go bowling)
• dar una vuelta / dar un paseo / ir de paseo (go for a walk)
• jugar videojuegos (play videogames)
• navegar el internet (surf the web)
• pasar el tiempo (pass time, hang out)
• salir (go out)
• tejer (knit)
• tocar el piano (play piano)
• tocar la guitarra (play the guitar)
• trepar árboles (climb trees)

Los deportes

• el alpinismo (mountaineering, mountain climbing)
• andar en bicicleta (to go on a bike ride)
• el atletismo (track and field)
• el básquetbol (basketball)
• el béisbol (baseball)
• esquiar (en la nieve) (ski [in the snow])
• esquiar en la tabla (snowboard)
• el fútbol (soccer)
• el fútbol americano (American football)
• el golf (golf)
• levantar pesas (lift weights)
• la natación (swimming)
• pescar (fishing)
• el tenis (tennis)
• el vóleibol (volleyball)

Gustar + sustantivo

The Spanish equivalent of “I like” is me gusta, which literally means “it pleases me”. To indicate whether someone else likes something, you change the indirect object pronoun so the thing is pleasing to that person:

forms for different people liking a singular thing
	persona singular	persona plural
primera (1a)	me gusta (I like)	nos gusta (We like)
segunda (2a)	te gusta (You like)	os gusta (You all like)
tercera (3a)	le gusta (He/She likes)	les gusta (They like)

When you use the verb gustar, the verb form you choose will depend on whether what you like is a singular noun, a plural noun, or a verb.

The verb form gusta is always in the singular when the noun that is liked or disliked is singular, because *it* is pleasing to the person:

(A mí) me gusta la casa. (I like the house. Literally: The house pleases me.)

There are other vebs in Spanish that also behave like gustar. Below are some examples:

• doler (to hurt; literally: to be painful) — Me duelen los pies. (My feet hurt / are hurting me.)
• encantar (to love; literally: to be enchanting) — A los mexicanos les encantan los dramas coreanos. (Mexicans love Korean dramas.)
• molestar (to mind; literally: to be irritating, bothersome) — ¿Le molesta la música? No, estoy bien. (Do you mind the music? No, I’m fine.)

Some other words that work the same way as gustar:

The verb form gustan is always in the plural when the noun is plural or there are two nouns, because *they* please the person:

(A mí) me gustan las casas. (I like the houses. Literally: The houses please me.)

Gustar + infinitivo

Gustar is frequently used in Spanish with infinitives to indicate likes (and dislikes):

No le gusta nadar.

¿Qué te gusta hacer? (What do you like to do?) Me gusta comer en restaurantes buenos. (I like to eat in good restaurants.)

• Useful phrases when talking about things you like or dislike:
• A mí me gusta… (I like to…; the “a mí” phrase is added for emphasis or clarification.)
• Me gusta ( ) más. (I like to (activity) more.)
• Me gusta mucho. (I like it a lot.)
• A mí también. (Me too / I do too.)
• No me gusta… (I don’t like to…)
• No me gusta nada ( ). (I don’t like to (activity) at all.)
• A mí tampoco. (Me neither / I don’t either.)
• ¿Qué te gusta hacer? (What do you like to do?)
• ¿Te gusta…? (Do you like to…?)
• ¿Y a ti? (And you?)
• ni (neither, nor)
• o (or)
• sí (yes)
• con (with)
• y (and)
• pero (but)
• Te gusta cantar y bailar, ¿no? (You like to sing and dance, right?)
• Nos gusta correr todos los días. (We like to run every day.)
• Le gusta escuchar música. (He likes to listen to music.) or (She likes to listen to music.) or (You [formal] like to listen to music.)
• A usted no le gusta nadar. (You don’t like to swim.)

Querer

The verb querer (to want) is a modal verb that may be followed by nouns or the infinitive.

• Yo quiero una vacación. (I want a vacation.)
• Queremos viajar. (We want to travel.)

Querer is conjugated as follows:

	singular	plural
primera persona	quiero	queremos
segunda persona	quieres	queréis
tercera persona	quiere	quieren

Contributors and Attributions

• Putting It Together: u00bfCu00f3mo pasas tu tiempo libre?. Authored by: Lumen Learning. License: CC BY: Attribution
• 3.12: Putting It Together - ¿Cómo pasas tu día y tu tiempo libre? (remix). Authored by: Karen Le Cornet. License: CC BY 4.0