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7.10: Egypt

Last updated

Mar 15, 2025
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- 7.9: Interrogative Words in Arabic (Part 1)
- 7.11: Assessment

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Learning Objectives

In this section, you will be able to:

Learn about Egypt, its Geographical location, famous cities, its most famous artifacts, and its traditional food and clothes.

Egypt مصر: Misr

Egypt (مِصر) is one of the most historically rich and culturally significant countries in the Arab world. Located in North Africa, Egypt connects Africa to the Middle East and has played a crucial role in world history for thousands of years. The country is well known for its ancient civilization, pyramids, and the Nile River.

Facts to know about Egypt

Official Name: Arab Republic of Egypt- جمهورية مصر العربية- jumhuriat misr alearabia
Capital: Cairo- القاهرة- Al Qahirah
Population: 106,789,274 - (2022)
Currency: Egyptian Pound- الجنيه المصري- aljunayh almisriu
Continent: Africa- أفريقيا- afriqya
Official Lagrange: Modern Standard Arabic -اللغة العربية الفصحى الحديثة- allughat alearabiat alfushaa alhaditha.
Tourism is a major part of Egypt’s economy, with millions of visitors coming each year to see its famous historical sites. The country also has industries in agriculture, manufacturing, and trade, with the Suez Canal playing a key role in global shipping.

Geographical location and flag

Egypt in its region (undisputed) — Egypt; CC BY-SA 3.0

red stripe at top, white stripe with gold Eagle, black stripe at bottom — Flag of Egypt

Egypt is located in the northeast corner of Africa. It is the link between the northeast of Africa and the southwest corner of Asia. It borders with Sudan to the south, Libya to the west, the Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Mediterranean Sea to the north, and the Gaza Strip to the northeast. Egypt was a cradle of one of the most ancient Middle Eastern civilizations, the Pharaonic ancient Egyptian civilization.

Watch this movie about Ancient Egypt and learn about ancient Egyptian

Famous cities

Cairo (القاهرة) – The capital and largest city of Egypt, Cairo is the political, economic, and cultural heart of the country. It is home to numerous historical and modern landmarks, including the Pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx, and the Egyptian Museum, which houses a vast collection of ancient artifacts, including treasures from the tomb of Tutankhamun. Cairo is also famous for its vibrant markets, such as Khan el-Khalili, where visitors can buy traditional crafts, spices, and jewelry. The city has a unique blend of ancient history and modern infrastructure, featuring high-rise buildings, traffic congestion, and a lively arts and music scene. The Nile River runs through Cairo, offering scenic views and traditional felucca boat rides.
Alexandria (الإسكندرية) – A major port city on the Mediterranean coast, famous for the ancient Library of Alexandria and the Citadel of Qaitbay.

File:Suez canalst-Alexandria, Egypt.jpg — Alexandria; CC BY-SA 3.0

Luxor (الأقصر) – Home to some of the most famous ancient Egyptian temples and monuments, including the Valley of the Kings.
Aswan (أسوان) – A southern city known for its beautiful scenery, Nubian culture, and the Aswan High Dam.
Tanta (طنطا) – A key city in the Nile Delta region, known for its religious significance and the Mosque of Ahmad al-Badawi.

Asyut (أسيوط) – A major city in Upper Egypt with a deep historical and cultural heritage, playing a central role in trade and education.

File:Assyout city Egypt.jpg — Asyut; CC BY-SA 3.0

Suez (السويس) – A strategically important port city located on the Suez Canal, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea and serving as a major

File:EG-suez-19-bg-suez.jpg — As-Suezالسويس; CC BY-SA 4.0

Port Said (بورسعيد) – A significant coastal city at the northern entrance of the Suez Canal, known for its strategic importance in international trade. The city played a crucial role in Egyptian history, particularly during the Suez Crisis of 1956. Port Said is famous for its picturesque Corniche, colonial-style buildings, and duty-free shopping, making it a popular tourist destination.

History and Culture

Egypt has a long and fascinating history that dates back over 5,000 years. It was home to one of the world’s earliest civilizations, the Ancient Egyptians, who built the famous pyramids, temples, and tombs. The country was later influenced by Greek, Roman, Arab, and Ottoman cultures. Today, Egypt is known for its rich blend of ancient traditions and modern life.

Most famous artifacts

The Great Sphinx of Giza

The Great Sphinx of Giza is one of the most famous artifacts in Egypt and one of the largest monuments in the world. It has two parts a lion's body and a human head. It is a huge 4,500-year-old limestone statue measuring 240 feet long and 66 feet high near the Great Pyramid in Giza.

The Rosetta Stone

The Rosetta Stone is one of the most ancient artifacts in Egypt. It went back to Pharaoh Ptolemy V. It contains a decree about religious texts written in three different writing systems Greek, Egyptian Hieroglyphics, and Egyptian Demotic. It is the key to undersatnd the ancient writing system of egypt.

File:Rosetta Stone - front face - corrected image.jpg — The Rosetta Stone; CC BY-SA 4.0

Nefertiti Bust

Nefertiti Bust is one of the most famous artifacts of the most beautiful woman in Ancient Egypt. She is the great royal wife of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaton. The bust is made of limestone covered with modeled gypsum.

Egyptian Pyramids

Egyptian Pyramids are Ancient buildings and great structures that are located in Egypt. They were built during the brightest time of the Egyptian civilizations, especially the Great Pyramids of Giza. The oldest pyramids were built around 2630 B.C. at Saqqarah for the king Djoser.

Watch the videos to learn more about Pyramids.

Ramesses II

Ramesses II is known as Ramesses the Great. He was one of the most famous pharaohs of Egypt. He was the third Pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty. He was famous for his bravery, leadership, and martial Skills over the Egyptian army.