12.7: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 236593
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- Balfour Declaration
- a 1917 statement by British foreign secretary Alfred Balfour publicly supporting the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine
- Beer Hall Putsch
- a 1923 attempt by Adolf Hitler and his followers to take over the city of Munich
- collectivization
- the taking over of agriculture by a national government
- fascism
- a political movement focused on transforming citizens into committed nationalists striving for unity and racial purity to remedy a perceived national decline
- Five-Year Plans
- domestic plans adopted by the Soviet Union in the 1930s to target industrial and agricultural output goals that were usually unrealistic
- flapper
- woman of the 1920s who embraced an independent lifestyle while wearing shorter skirts and hairstyles
- gold standard
- a monetary system in which the value of a country’s currency is tied directly to the value of gold
- gross domestic product (GDP)
- the value of all the goods and services a country produces in one year
- Guomindang
- the Chinese Nationalist Party founded by Sun Yat-sen and later led by Chiang Kai-shek
- Irish Free State
- a state formed by the twenty-six southern counties in Ireland and later called Ireland
- Kellogg-Briand Pact
- a 1928 treaty signed by more than sixty countries to renounce war as a foreign policy tool
- League of Nations
- a multinational organization created by the 1919 Treaty of Versailles to promote the goal of collective security
- Long March
- a northward march of communist supporters led by Mao Zedong that saved them from extermination by the Guomindang
- mandate system
- a system in which control of an area was transferred from one government to another under the oversight of the League of Nations
- New Deal
- a U.S. program of economic reform under Franklin Roosevelt that created work-relief programs
- New Economic Policy (NEP)
- Lenin’s policy that introduced some aspects of capitalism in response to hardships and growing discontent among the Russian people
- New Negro movement
- a movement that developed in the 1920s as African Americans agitated for increased civil rights
- Pan-African movement
- a movement based on the idea that all people in Africa could work together to achieve greater independence
- reparations
- monetary payments to be made to the Allied nations by Germany to compensate for destruction they suffered in the war
- Salt March
- a two-hundred-mile march led by Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi in India in 1930 to protest the British prohibition on collecting salt and the heavy taxes on its purchase
- Schutzstaffel (SS)
- German Nazi paramilitary organization designed for security and intimidation
- Sinn Féin
- a political party organized in 1905 that argued for greater sovereignty for Ireland
- socialist realism
- an artistic movement in the Soviet Union that took the worker as a subject and was about patriotism as much as art
- suffragist
- a person who protested in favor of women’s right to vote
- totalitarianism
- a form of government in which the state controls all aspects of a person’s life
- Treaty of Versailles
- a 1919 treaty that formally ended World War I, redrew the map of Europe, and created the League of Nations