8.10: Chapter Summary and Key Terms
- Page ID
- 198586
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Chapter Summary
Overall, the Great Depression affected different regions in different ways. While much of the world drifted towards authoritarianism, democratic reformers were elected in much of Western Europe, the USA, and Chile. For the most part, these governments were able to lower unemployment through massive spending. Mexico, Chile, and the Soviet Union also sought to promote industrialization as a means of lowering unemployment and raising wages. The effects of the Great Depression were not felt as strongly in the Soviet Union as Stalin institutionalized communist rule. While in China, communists were forced to retreat west as the Nationalists sought to unify the nation. Government policies in Mexico provided greater economic opportunities for non-whites, but the mestizo inquilinos were neglected in Chile. Similarly, FDR sought to reduce poverty through massive public works which benefited primarily white Americans. Germany and Japan boosted employment through a massive arms buildup and embraced racist expansionist policies. Nevertheless, during this time non-whites in the Americas, Asia, and Africa increasingly organized to push for civil rights and racial equality.
Key Terms
- Fascism: A political and social system that relies on extreme nationalism, scientific racism, massive military buildup, authoritarianism, and expansion
- Totalitarianism: A society where the government controls how people behaved inside and outside of their homes through fear and violence
- Keynesian Economics: Government policy where deficit spending is used in public works and other projects to reduce unemployment.
- Popular Front: Anti-fascist political alliance of liberals, democratic socialists, and communists during the 1930s.
- Indigenismo: Mexican government policy that acknowledges the importance of the natives of Mexico and promotes their cultural, economic, and political integration.
- Nazism: Anti-democratic and hyper-nationalist ideology that promotes totalitarian rule, anti-Semitism, and expansion.
- Communism: A political system where private property is eliminated; workers work based on their abilities and are provided for based on their needs. Originally developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in The Communist Manifesto, published in 1848.