1.2: Making Connections
- Page ID
- 310661
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- The most important literary theme of the 1865–1914 period introduction is the territorial and population expansion and transformation of America during these years. Texts from 1865–1914 that bear out this frontier hypothesis against a western setting include Mark Twain's "The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County"; Bret Harte's "The Luck of Roaring Camp"; and Jack London's "To Build a Fire."
- One aspect of Native American literature emphasized by this time period is the elegiac tone of many of these writings, as white settlers displaced Native Americans from ancestral lands and disrupted their traditional ways of life. Native writings that record this tone include Zitkala-Ša's work.
- Much is made of the public disagreement between the African American statesmen Booker T. Washington in Up from Slavery and W. E. B. Du Bois's Of Booker T. Washington and Others" in The Souls of Black Folk. Earlier works attempting to shape public perceptions of African Americans include Phillis Wheatley, "On Being Brought from Africa to America" and Sojourner Truth, "Speech to the Women's Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio, 1851". As the twentieth century progressed, African American authors returned to the question of how to thrive in a majority-white society. See works by Zora Neale Hurston, Gwendolyn Brooks, Lucille Clifton, Audre Lorde, Rita Dove, " and Toni Morrison.
- The two major aesthetic movements of these years were realism and naturalism. Realism had its roots in the romantic period, and comparisons to the heavy symbolism and fanciful narration in antebellum writing can be instructive; take, for example, James Fenimore Cooper's The Last of the Mohicans; Edgar Allan Poe's "The Fall of the House of Usher"; and Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown." Legacies of both realism and naturalism persist into the twentieth century.
- Another development of this period was the use of local idioms and geographical references to create a regional perspective. Examples of regionalist writing include Mark Twain's "The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Kate Chopin's "Désirée's Baby" and The Awakening and Sarah Orne Jewett's "A White Heron."