5.3: Grammaire - présentation

Last updated
Save as PDF

Page ID: 153470

\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

Pronom interrogatif lequel

Lequel, lesquels, laquelle, lesquelles are pronouns, i.e. they are used in place of a noun. They are used to ask the questions 'which one?' or 'which ones?' They assume the number and gender of the nouns they replace and contract with the prepositions à and de.

For example: Parmi toutes les universités du Texas, laquelle préférez-vous ?

For example: Tu parles d'un film français, mais duquel parles-tu exactement ?

Preposition	Masculine singular	Masculine plural	Feminine singular	Feminine plural
	lequel	lesquels	laquelle	lesquelles
with à	auquel	auxquels	à laquelle	auxquelles
with de	duquel	desquels	de laquelle	desquelles

Complétez les phrases avec la forme correcte du pronom interrogatif lequel

- Hier, Shasta a vu ses amis.

- Ah bon? 1. ........?

- Il a vu Astérix et Obélix. Ils ont parlé du match.

- Ah bon? 2. ...... ont-ils parlé ?

- Du match de football américain.

Answer: 1. Lesquels 2. Duquel

Pronom relatif lequel

preposition + lequel, laquelle, lesquels, lesquelles

The relative pronouns lequel, laquelle, lesquels, and lesquelles (which) are used when the relative clause is introduced by a preposition other than de/d'. These pronouns make the usual contractions with the prepositions à and de. Note that the preposition in French must always be placed immediately in front of the relative pronoun.

For example: Le bâtiment dans lequel les étudaints passent beaucoup de temps s'appelle Agnes Arnold Hall.

Note: The form dont is generally used in spoken French instead of the forms duquel, de laquelle, desquels, and desquelles; however, these latter forms may also be found, especially in written texts. Dont may be substituted only for the simple preposition de and its object, but a form of lequel must be used when de is part of a two- or three-word preposition, such as 'à propos de, près de, loin de, à côté de.'

For example: Le bâtiment à côté duquel il y a une fontainte, s'appelle Cullen.

Complétez les phrases avec la forme correcte du pronom relatif lequel

Le chat botté aimer grimper dans les arbres, sous 1.... les étudiants se reposent. Idéfix, le chien d'Astérix, s'est endormi sur un banc derrière 2 ....... il y a un café.

Answer: 1. lesquels 2. lequel

Verbes avec des prépositions

The infinitive is the verb form generally used after a preposition in French. À (to) and de (from, about) are the most common prepositions in French. In many expressions, the choice of the preposition à or de before an infinitive is purely idiomatic; that is, it is unrelated to meaning. In such cases, one must memorize which preposition is used.

When the following verbs are followed by an infinitive, the preposition à is required.

aider à, to help to		encourager à, to encourage to
s'amuser à, to have fun at		s'habituer à, to get used to
apprendre à, to learn to		hésiter à, to hesitate to
arriver à, to succeed in, to manage to		inviter à, to invite to
s'attendre à, to expect to		se mettre à, to start to
avoir du mal à, to find it difficult to		se préparer à, to prepare to
chercher à, to try to, to attempt to		renoncer à, to give up
commencer à, to start to		réussir à, to succeed at
continuer à/de, to continue to (either à or de)		servir à, to be used for
se décider à, to make up one's mind to		tenir à, to be anxious to, to be eager to

When the following verbs are followed by an infinitive, the preposition de is required.

(s')arrêter de, to stop		oublier de, to forget to
choisir de, to choose to		permettre (à quelqu'un) de, to permit someone to
conseiller de, to advise to		persuader de, to persuade to
se contenter de, to content oneself with		se presser de, to hurry to
continuer à/de, to continue to (either à or de)		promettre de, to promise to
décider de, to decide to		proposer de, to propose to
s'efforcer de to try hard to, to endeavor to		refuser de, to refuse to
essayer de, to try to		rêver de to dream of
s'excuser de, to apologize for		se soucier de, to care about
finir de, to finish		se souvenir de, to remember to
mériter de, to deserve, to be worth

Most idiomatic expressions with avoir also require de + infinitive: avoir peur de, avoir besoin de, avoir envie de, avoir honte de, etc.

Complétez les phrases avec les préposistions correctes

Shasta apprend 1. .... parler français. Les étudiants ont décidé 2. ..... rester sur le campus.

Answer: 1. à 2. de

This page is an adoptation of Francais Interactif. For more information, see the following links:

https://www.laits.utexas.edu/tex/gr/int6.html

https://www.laits.utexas.edu/tex/gr/pror3.html

https://www.laits.utexas.edu/tex/gr/pre4.html