1.4: Previewing
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Learning Objectives
- Use previewing as a reading strategy
Reading Strategy: Previewing
What It Is
Previewing is a strategy that readers use to recall prior knowledge and set a purpose for reading. It calls for readers to skim a text before reading, looking for various features and information that will help as they return to read it in detail later.
Why Use It
According to research, previewing a text can improve comprehension (Graves, Cooke, & LaBerge, 1983, cited in Paris et al., 1991). It can set a purpose for reading and help you prepare for what’s coming.
Depending on the genre, your approach to previewing may vary:
- To preview nonfiction, find out what you know about the subject and what you want to find out. It also to understand how an author has organized information.
- To preview biographies, determine something about the person in the biography, the time period, and some possible places and events in the life of the person.
- To preview fiction, determine characters, setting, and plot. Preview to make predictions about a story’s problems and solutions.
How To Use It
To preview a text before you read, first ask yourself whether the text is fiction or nonfiction.
- If the text is fiction or biography, look at the title, chapter headings, introductory notes, and illustrations for a better understanding of the content and possible settings or events.
- If the text is nonfiction, look at text features and illustrations (and their captions) to determine the subject matter and to recall prior knowledge, to decide what you already know about the subject. Previewing also helps you figure out what you don’t know and what you want to find out.
How to Preview
Think of previewing a text as similar to creating a movie trailer. A successful preview for either a movie or a reading experience will capture what the overall work is going to be about, generally what expectations the audience can have of the experience to come, how the piece is structured, and what kinds of patterns will emerge.
Scanning and Skimming
Scanning
The technique of scanning is a useful one to use if you want to get an overview of the text you are reading as a whole – its shape, the focus of each section, the topics or key issues that are dealt with, and so on. In order to scan a piece of text you might look for sub-headings or identify key words and phrases which give you clues about its focus. Another useful method is to read the first sentence or two of each paragraph in order to get the general gist of the discussion and the way that it progresses.
S canning is also used to find a particular piece of information. Run your eyes over the text looking for the specific piece of information you need. You may run your eyes quickly down the page in a zigzag or winding S pattern. If you are looking for a name, you note capital letters. For a date, you look for numbers. Vocabulary words may be boldfaced or italicized. When you scan for information, you read only what is needed. If you see words or phrases that you don’t understand, don’t worry when scanning.
Using internet tools such as a search bar or Ctrl + F can be useful when scanning.
Skimming
Skimming is used to quickly gather the most important information, or “gist” of a text. Run your eyes over the text, noting important information. Use skimming to quickly get up to speed on the basic content coverage; it’s not essential to understand each word when skimming. As you skim, you could write down the main ideas and develop a chapter outline.
When you preview, you look for sign-posts by doing the following things:
- Scan for titles, headings, and subheadings
- Skim the first paragraph or introduction
- Skim the last paragraph or summary
- Scan the first sentence after each heading
- Skim the abstract (if provided)
- Make a note of graphic aids such as figures, tables, charts, graphs, and images
- Make a note of typographical aids such as bold-faced or highlighted words and phrases
- Scan any supplemental material at the beginning or end of the text, such as chapter outlines, chapter objectives, discussion questions, or vocabulary lists
Previewing engages your prior experience, and asks you to think about what you already know about this subject matter, or this author, or this publication. Then anticipate what new information might be ahead of you when you return to read this text more closely.
Watch It
This video explains the advantages of previewing a text and how to do it successfully.
https://lumenlearning.h5p.com/content/1290903862690496098/embed
You can view the transcript for “How to Preview a Text” here (opens in new window) .
Contributors and Attributions
- Revision and Adaptation. Provided by : Lumen Learning. License : CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
- Reading Strategy Preview. Provided by : Sage Library Wiki. Located at : sagelibrary.wikispaces.com/Reading+Strategy+Preview. License : CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
- Image of movie marquee. Authored by : Sarah Hina. Located at : https://flic.kr/p/osCrvL . License : CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial
- Previewing. Provided by : Excelsior Online Reading Lab. Located at : https://owl.excelsior.edu/orc/what-to-do-before-reading/previewing/ . License : CC BY: Attribution
- Scanning and Skimming. Authored by : Bunda College of Agriculture. Provided by : OER Africa. Located at : http://www.oerafrica.org/publishersource/bunda-college-agriculture-university-malawi . Project : Reading Skills. License : CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial