Civilization
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Raw Material
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Product
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Process
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Finish
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Aegean
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Pottery making centered in Crete. The clay had a high iron content giving it an orange-red color.
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Early jugs had round bottoms and yellow surfaces. Spouted, oval shape bowls, nicknamed sauce boats, usually had a reddish or dark overall wash.
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Clay prepared by putting it in settling tanks to refine it. Potters wheels, fired in ovens
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Incised ornamentation with spirals or simple geometric patterns.
Dark paint on light-colored clay with a white coat, or mottled red and black appearance.
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Early Egyptian Dynasty
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Made of reddish-brown clay called Nile silt.
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For everyday purposes, they were left undecorated.
The red color of the fired pot was from oxidized iron compounds.
A whitish color of clay was from lime.
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Hollowed out a lump of clay and pinched it to get final form. A flat tool used to press against the clay to make very thin-walled pottery.
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Decorations incised or painted. Slip made of a pigmented mixture of water and clay applied to the surface to add color. Wash was red ochre. Images of geometric forms, people, ibexes, flamingos.
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Mesopotamia
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Mixed clay and water then let clay age a few weeks for easier use.
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Made pots, bowls, urns. Brushes made of animal hair to apply the glaze.
Created a matte finish by rubbing with stones. Pinch potting, slab, coil building.
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Potters’ wheel was hand-turned for uniform thickness.
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An important part of the culture. Fired in open hearths with somewhat controlled heat.
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Indus Valley
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Clay made of river silt.
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Metal dishes made from copper, silver, bronze. Bowls, dishes, cups, vases. Favored using goats as decoration as well as humped bulls, pumas, birds.
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Clay pots made on the wheel turned. The finished pot put in a hot oven to harden.
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Most pots plain but some pots decorated in red and black.
Patterns of leaves, flowers, other lines.
More exceptional pots were colored blue, red, green and yellow.
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Longshan
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Clay made of river silt.
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Fast running pottery wheels, updraft kilns, significant manufacturing
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Early Jomon
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Clay made of river silt.
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Fast running pottery wheels, updraft kilns, significant manufacturing
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Neolithic England
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Made clay mixed with adhesive materials of mica, lead, fiber, crushed shells.
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Bowls, jars, vessels with narrow mouths and long necks, vessels with spouts. The primary purpose of storing items, boiling food, burying the dead.
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Open-pit fired.
Built from the bottom with coil on coil then smoothed to form the pot.
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Surface patterns made with twisted rope or cord.
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