1.6: -AR verbs
- Page ID
- 415613
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A verb is the word in a sentence that describes the action, occurrence, or state of being. A verb explains what the subject of a sentence is doing or the state or condition it is in. A sentence must have a verb.
Verbs also tell a lot of information such as the time or tense, the subject, the number of subjects, and the mood. To show this information in Spanish we conjugate verbs. We are going to start conjugating verbs in the present tense in Spanish. With practice and patience, conjugating verbs in Spanish can become as automatic as it is in English for English-speakers.
-AR Verbs
We group Spanish verbs by their last two letters. Verbs that end in -AR are the largest group of Spanish verbs. The other two groups of verbs end in -ER and -IR.
Spanish verbs change their endings to show who the subject of the verb is. This is called conjugating. We are going to learn to conjugate -AR verbs before the other two groups.
In order to conjugate, we are going to use the same format as the subject pronouns. This is because the endings of a Spanish verb change based on who is completing the action.
The first step in conjugating, is to remove the last two letters, the AR. Without the AR, we are left with the stem of the verb. This is the part we will use to conjugate. We conjugate by adding an ending to the stem. The ending we add is based on who is completing the action. So, the conjugated forms of the AR verb bailar are:
Yo bailo. Nosotros/Nosotras bailamos.
Tú bailas. Vosotros/Vosotras bailáis.
Él/Ella/Usted baila. Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes bailan.
It is necessary to remember O, AS, A, AMOS, ÁIS, and AN in order to conjugate. Some students find it helpful to clap while they repeat the endings. Practice saying: O, AS, A, AMOS, ÁIS, AN.
Now, write and say the conjugated forms of the verb hablar
Yo habl_____. Nosotros/Nosotras habl__________.
Tú habl _____. Vosotros/Vosotras habl ___________.
Él/Ella/Usted habl ______. Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes habl___________.
Now, write and say the conjugated forms of the verb trabajar
Yo trabaj_____. Nosotros/Nosotras trabaj__________.
Tú trabaj_____. Vosotros/Vosotras trabaj ___________.
Él/Ella/Usted trabaj ______. Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes trabaj___________.
Now, write and say the conjugated forms of an AR verb that you pick
Yo _________. Nosotros/Nosotras ______________.
Tú _________. Vosotros/Vosotras _______________.
Él/Ella/Usted __________. Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes _______________.
The present indicative can be translated in three ways.
For example, Bailo. translates to
1. I dance.
2. I do dance.
3. I am dancing.
Native Spanish speakers generally do not use the subject pronouns with the conjugated forms of yo, tú, nosotros/nosotras, vosotros/vosotras because the conjugation indicates who the subject is. Still, sometimes native speakers use the subject pronouns to give emphasis to the subject.
Bailo bien. means I dance well. All of the words are of equal importance.
Yo bailo bien. means I dance well but really emphasizes the subject.
Since the conjugated forms of él, ella, usted, ellos, ellas, ustedes share a conjugated form, the subject pronoun is often included to clarify who is doing the action.
The form of vosotros/vosotras is usually used in Spain.
Frequently used -AR verbs
ayudar ~ to help
bailar ~ to dance
buscar ~ to look for
cambiar ~ to change
caminar ~ to walk
cantar ~ to sing
cenar – to eat dinner
cocinar ~ to cook
comprar ~ to buy
contestar ~ to answer
conversar ~ to converse, to talk
cortar ~ to cut
desayunar ~ to eat breakfast
descansar ~ to rest
desear ~ to wish, to want
dibujar ~ to draw
enseñar ~ to teach
escuchar ~ to listen to
esperar ~ to wait for, to hope
estudiar ~ to study
explicar ~ to explain
gritar ~ to yell
hablar ~ to talk, to speak
limpiar ~ to clean
llegar ~ to arrive
llevar ~ to carry
llorar ~ to cry
manejar ~ to drive
mirar ~ to look at, to watch
nadar ~ to swim
necesitar ~ to need
ordenar ~ to order
patinar ~ to skate
pintar ~ to paint
practicar ~ to practice
preguntar ~ to ask a question
preparar ~ to prepare
prestar ~ to loan
regalar ~ to give as a gift
regresar ~ to return
saltar ~ to jump
terminar ~ to end, to finish
tocar ~ to play an instrument
tomar ~ to take, to drink
tomar una foto ~ to take a photo
trabajar ~ to work
viajar ~ to travel
visitar ~ to visit
Now let us practice conjugating regular AR verbs.
Prácticas
A. Conjugate the verbs in the indicated forms.
1. Yo (caminar) ___________________.
2. Ella (tomar) ____________________.
3. Ustedes (ayudar) __________________.
4. Tú (explicar) ___________________.
5. Ellos (visitar) __________________.
6. Usted (patinar) ___________________.
7. Nosotros (pintar) __________________.
8. Yo (preparar) __________________.
9. Las chicas (estudiar) ___________________.
10. Tú (escuchar) ___________________.
11. Mi amigo y yo (cantar) __________________.
12. La clase (necesitar) ____________________.
13. Mis amigos (nadar) ____________________.
14. Ustedes (dibujar) ____________________.
15. Usted (manejar) ____________________.
16. Yo (viajar) _____________________.
17. Usted (saltar) ___________________.
18. Tú (hablar) ___________________.
19. Tú y yo (conversar) ___________________.
20. El músico (tocar) ____________________.
B. Answer the following questions in complete sentences in Spanish.
1. ¿Tocas un instrumento?
2. ¿Cocinas mucho?
3. ¿Patinas?
4. ¿Cantas bien?
5. ¿Hablas español?
6. ¿Cuándo miras la televisión?
7. ¿Dónde estudias?
8. ¿Contestas muchas preguntas en clase?
9. ¿Manejas rápidamente?
10. ¿Ayudas a tus amigos?
11. ¿Estudias mucho o poco?
12. ¿Bailas bien o mal?
13. ¿Cantas bien o mal?
14. ¿Cocinas bien o mal?
15. ¿Trabajas mucho o poco?
C. Translate the following sentences.
1. She takes photos.
2. We do speak Spanish.
3. You (tú) paint.
4. I am cleaning.
5. They explain.
6. You (usted) do eat breakfast.
7. I work a lot.
8. We study Spanish.
9. They (ellas) do sing.
10. They (ellos) dance.
11. We study a lot.
12. She jumps.
13. They swim in the lake.
14. They do arrive early.
15. I look for the book.
D. Use the verbs in the list above to write ten of your own short sentences.
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E. The song Bidi Bidi Bom Bom by Selena is a happy song about how a young girl feels when her crush walks by. Listen to the song. Then, read through the list of AR verbs and write about activities that make you feel happy. You can place the saying ME GUSTA in front of an infinitive to say you like doing something.
For example, Estoy alegre cuando bailo. = I am happy when I dance.
OR
Me gusta bailar. = I like to dance.
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F. Why do we conjugate verbs? How do we conjugate an -AR verb? Pick three verbs from the list above and conjugate them.