10.4: En la oficina del médico - imperativo de ustedes
- Page ID
- 220036
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Síntomas y enfermedades
dolor de cabeza | headache |
dolor de estómago | stomacheache |
dolor de garganta | sore throat |
la fiebre | fever |
las náuseas | nausea |
la tos | cough |
estar resfriad@ / acatarrad@ / constipad@ tener catarro / resfriado |
to have a cold |
resfriarse, acatarrarse, constiparse (reflexivos) | to catch a cold |
tener la gripe | to have the flu |
enfermarse (reflexivo) | to get sick |
el COVID |
Accidentes
torcerse el tobillo | to twist one´s ankle |
quemarse | to burn oneself |
romperse / quebrarse un hueso | to break a bone |
caerse | to fall |
Tratamientos (treatments)
descansar | |
tomar medicina | |
comer bien | |
tomar mucho líquido mantenerse hidratado |
|
poner una venda | to put a bandage on |
poner una tirita | to put a band-aid on |
tomarse la temperatura | to take one´s temperature |
Doctor: ¿Cómo está Usted?
Paciente: No me siento muy bien.
Doctor: ¿Cuáles son sus síntomas?
Paciente: Tengo dolor de cabeza, me duele la garganta y tengo un poco de náuseas.
Doctor: ¿Hace cuánto tiempo que no se siente bien?
Paciente: Hace dos días.
Doctor: Vamos a ver si tiene fiebre usted... Sí. Tiene la temperatura un poco alta.
Es mejor que usted descanse unos días. Es importante tomar mucha agua y otros líquidos. Es probable que sea un virus. Tome aspirinas o Tylenol
para el dolor de cabeza. No necesita antibióticos en este momento, pero si no se siente mejor en tres dias, vuelva a poner otra cita.
When we go to the doctor, they will most probably give us some recommendations. They may even use the imperative (command forms) to tell us exactly what to do. If we look at the last two lines spoken by the doctor in the above dialogue, we can see two verbs in the formal (usted conjugation) of the imperative. They are the verbs, ¨tomar¨ and ¨volver.¨ What do you notice about the conjugations. If you were to conjugate them in the usted conjugation of the present tense you already know, we would have ¨toma¨ and ¨vuelve.¨ The first conjugations you learned (last semester) are called the indicative. To tell people what to do, we need the imperative. Here are some verbs and how they look different in the indicative and the imperative of the usted conjugation.
infinitivo | indicativo | imperativo |
verbos regulares |
Notice that the vowel flips from ¨a¨ to ¨e¨ or from ¨e¨ to ¨a¨ |
|
hablar | habla | hable |
comer | come | coma |
vivir | vive | viva |
verbos que se cambian de raíz (stem changing verbs) | To get the imperative, first get the ¨yo¨ conjugation of the indicative. Write everything down except for the ¨o¨ and then add the new ending. | |
volver | vuelve | vuelva |
dormir | duerme | duerma |
pedir | pide | pida |
algunos verbos irregulares (some irregular verbs) | ||
tener | tiene | tenga |
Do you remember any other verbs that have the ¨go¨ in the ¨yo¨ conjugation of the indicative? |
Here are some: salir, poner, venir, hacer |
|
The following verbs are completely irregular and just need to be memorized. | ||
ser | es | sea |
ir | va | vaya |
More thoughts about the grammar from the dialogue: When you tell someone it is better that they do something, you use a conjugation called the subjunctive. For the usted conjugations, it looks just like the imperative. The only difference is that it isn´t a direct command. You are telling them what you want them to do, or need them to do, but you are not directly telling them to do it.
Ejemplos:
Es mejor que usted descanse unos días. (It is better that you rest a few days.) We used the subjunctive of the verb ¨descansar.¨
We could have also said, ¨Es importante que tome mucha agua.¨ (It is important that you drink a lot of water.) Instead we said, ¨Es importante tomar mucha agua.¨ (It is important to drink a lot of water.) If we make it a general statement instead of specific to ¨you,¨ we don´t conjugate that verb. We just leave it in the infinitive.
Query \(\PageIndex{1}\)
If you are giving commands to a group with which you use ¨ustedes,¨ you form the imperative in the same way as for ¨usted.¨ The only difference is that the conjugation will have an ¨n¨ on the end. Remember though, that if the infinitive has a ¨se¨ at the end, it means it is reflexive. You must place the ¨se¨ before the conjugated verb if it is a negative command. If it is a positive command, however, you must attach the ¨se¨ to the end of the command. Add a tilde (written accent mark) in order to keep the stress where it falls in the verb when the pronoun isn´t attached to the end.
Query \(\PageIndex{1}\)