7.6: Verbos que cambian de raíz
- Page ID
- 163825
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gramática: verbos que cambian de raíz (stem changing verbs)
una comparación - presente / pretérito
| jugar (to play) - presente | jugar - pretérito |
| juego | jugamos | jugué | jugamos |
| juegas | (jugáis) | jugaste | (jugasteis) |
| juega | juegan | jugó | jugaron |
Note that -ar verbs do not stem change in the preterit.
| volver (to return) - presente | volver - pretérito |
| vuelvo | volvemos | volví | volvimos |
| vuelves | (volvéis) | volviste | (volvisteis) |
| vuelve | vuelven | volvió | volviernon |
Note that -er verbs do not stem change in the preterit.
| dormir (to sleep) - presente | dormir - pretérito |
| duermo | dormimos | dormí | dormimos |
| duermes | (dormís) | dormiste | (dormisteis) |
| duerme | duermen | durmió | durmieron |
Note that -ir verbs do stem change in the preterit, but only in the él / ella / Usted and ellos / ellas / ustedes conjugations and instead of changing o--> ue they change o-->u.
| divertirse (to have fun) - presente | divertirse - pretérito |
| me divierto | nos divertimos | me divertí | nos divertimos |
| te diviertes | (os divertís) | te divertiste | (os divertís) |
| se divierte | se divierten | se divirtió | se divirtieron |
Note that -ir verbs do stem change in the preterit, but only in the él / ella / Usted and ellos / ellas / ustedes conjugations and instead of changing e--> ie they change e-->i.
| pedir (to ask for or to order (food)) - presente | pedir - pretérito |
| pido | pedimos | pedí | pedimos |
| pides | (pedís) | pediste | (pedisteis) |
| pide | piden | pidió | pidieron |
Note that -ir verbs do stem change in the preterit, but only in the él / ella / Usted and ellos / ellas / ustedes conjugations. When they change e-->i in the present, they also change e-->i in the preterit.
Verbos con cambios ortográficos - Verbs with spell changes
|
apagar - to turn off apagué apagamos apagaste (apagasteis) apagó apagaron |
Why is the ¨u¨ added in the yo conjugation? What would the pronunciation be if it were not added? You can either remember that the ¨u¨ is added in the yo conjugation for verbs that end in -gar, or you can remember that the pronunciation of the ¨g¨ needs to stay the same as in the infinitive, and spell accordingly. |
|
tocar - to touch, to play toqué tocamos tocaste (tocasteis) tocó tocaron |
Why does the ¨c¨ change to a ¨qu¨ in the yo conjugation? What would the pronunciation be if that change were not made? You can either remember that this spell change happens in the yo conjugation of the preterite for verbs that end in -car, or you can remember that the pronunciation of the ¨c¨ needs to stay the same as in the infinitive, and spell accordingly. |
|
almorzar - to eat lunch almorcé almorzamos almorzaste (almorzasteis) almorzó almorzaron |
This spell change isn´t as easy to remember based on pronunciation rules. You may just want to remember that for words that end in -zar, the ¨z¨ changes to a ¨c¨ in the ¨yo¨ conjugation. As far as general spelling / pronunciation goes, the ¨ze¨ and ¨zi¨ combinations are not commonly used. The ¨ce¨ and ¨ci¨ are used instead. So, we have: za, ce, ci, zo, zu |
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