14.8: Final Assessment

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In preparation of your response you may wish to further contemplate: Was the very powerful 14th Amendment manipulated by those in control of a nation? In a written articulation of such magnitude how then could bigotry and prejudice reside in public policy for substantial periods within civilized America? Is bigotry and prejudice a tool of the wealthy or an emotion that simply over-rides logic? Who is in control of American social policy? How is or was the American populace part of the problem or part of the solution? How has rationalization of personal bias endured? Finally, the Assessment: The Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution was ratified in 1868. The Fourteenth Amendment contains a due process and equal protection clause guarding citizen rights against overzealous state law, to wit:

All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty or property, without the due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws (Hall & Feldmeier, p.604, 2017).

The 14th Amendment was ratified in 1868 providing protections for citizens against civil rights abuse:

Why did it take approximately 100 years (1868-1960’s) since the inception of the 14th Amendment to bring about momentous and more consistent social and criminal justice reform in the United States?