6.4: Answer Key

Introduction

Focus Questions

There is a variety of possible answers.

Reading

Before You Read

Formality and Directness in Responding to an Apology

Answers may vary slightly:

1.

Formal:
Apology accepted.
Don’t mention it.
I forgive you.
It’s not your fault, but I appreciate that you care.
Next time you do this, you will be sorry.
Please don’t let it happen again.
Thanks for the apology, but no harm done.

Informal:
It’s all right.
It’s fine.
Next time you do this, you will be sorry.
No worries.
Not a problem.

2.

Direct about feelings:
I forgive you.
It’s not your fault, but I appreciate that you care.
Next time you do this, you will be sorry.
Thanks for the apology, but no harm done.

Indirect:
Apology accepted. Don’t mention it.
It’s all right.
It’s fine.
No worries.
Not a problem.
Please don’t let it happen again.

3.

Rejected:
Next time you do this, you will be sorry.
Please don’t let it happen again.

Accepted:
All others

Vocabulary: Synonyms

Incorrect answers are crossed out.

conflict	dispute	argument	battle	disagreement
right	correct	justified	appropriate	obligated
heartfelt	honest	sincere	painful	earnest

Predictions

There are many possible answers.

After You Read

Comprehension

Strategy 1: Recognizing Meaning

Answers:

1. b

2. c

3. b

4. a

Strategy 2: Paraphrasing

Answers:

1. a

2. c

3. d

4. a

Vocabulary

Strategy: Reinforcement of Words and Definitions Through Use in Context

Answers:

1. blunder

2. regret

3. right

4. etiquette

5. considerate

Comprehension

Strategy 1: Locating Indirect Instructions

Answers:

Indirect Statements	Matching Direct Statements
We respectfully request that the registration fee of $250 be refunded immediately.	a) Give Del Jacobs back his money. b) Send the money quickly to Laloi and McClaws Barristers and Solicitors.
We await your prompt confirmation (in writing) of our client’s cancellation.	c) Send the law firm a letter to show that Del Jacobs’s registration has been cancelled. d) Write to the lawyer as soon as possible.
All future communications regarding this matter can be directed to Mr. Jacobs’s legal representatives at Laloi and McClaws.	e) Don’t call or write to Del Jacobs. f) Send all questions or communications about Del Jacobs to the lawyer.
Notification of Immediate Cancellation of Delany Jacobs, Maskwa Folk Music Festival	g) Cancel Del Jacobs’s registration right away.

Strategy 2: Recognizing Phrases

Answers:

1. a, b

2. b, c, d

3. b, c

Vocabulary

Strategy: Using Context to Determine the Meaning of Expressions in English

Answers:

1. a) keep

   b) celebrate

   c) very high standing

   d) personal goodness

2. a) information

   b) subject

   c) problem

   d) count

3. a) shame

   b) feels guilty for

   c) feels sorry about

   d) a message saying she was sorry she couldn’t go.

Discussion 

A variety of answers are possible. Some examples are given below.

NOTICE these formal words and expressions to notice in the lawyer’s letter:
Dear Mr. Doucette
Re: Notification ...
We regret to inform you ...
The 21st day of May, 2015
Due to unforeseen personal circumstances ...
We respectfully request

FIND formal expressions to match these informal phrases:

We’re sorry	= We regret to inform you ...
He can’t come	= Mr. Delany Jacobs must withdraw
The reason is private	= personal circumstances
He isn’t going to keep his promise	= Mr. Jacobs will be unable to honour his commitments
It’s past the deadline	= the 48-hour grace period has passed
We’re asking	= We respectfully request
Let us know	= We await your ... confirmation

DISCUSSION: This is an opportunity for learners to express a variety of opinions.

COMPARING perceptions will include some variation.

IDENTIFY:

Use of “apology”	Lawyer	0	Claire 2
Other words of responsibility	Lawyer	0	Claire 4
Use of “regret”	Lawyer	1	Claire 1
Other words about feelings	Lawyer	0	Claire 5

DISCUSSION of “face” may include the personal, private nature of Claire’s offence against Gilles, and the public, professional nature of Del Jacobs’s performance at the festival. The exchange of money may also be a factor.

Reading Progress Check

Answers:

1. a

2. a and d

3. a and c

4. c

5. a) False

   b) True

   c) True

   d) False

   e) False

Listening

Before You Listen

Social Conventions Around Apologies and Excuses

Some variation in answers is possible:

Direct regret and responsibility:

3

6

Softened request with a reason:

1

7

Indirect referral to a problem, no reason:

8

Softened refusal of offer with no reason:

2

Direct sympathy but no responsibility:

4

5

Vocabulary

Answers:

1. a) attack

   b) insult

   c) violation

2. a) hurt

   b) upset

   c) bother

Predictions

A variety of answers are possible. Learners should feel comfortable expressing an opinion.

Listening 1: After You Listen

Comprehension

Strategy 1: Recognizing Facts

Answers:

1. False

2. True

3. False

4. True

5. False

6. True

7. False

8. True

Strategy 2: Retelling Details

Answers:

1. b

2. c and d

3. a

4. c

5. b and d

Listening 2: After You Listen

Vocabulary

Strategy 1: Recognizing Cognates, or Word Families

Answers:

1. a

2. b

3. a

4. b

5. a

6. c

Strategy 2: Recognizing Meaning from Direct and Indirect Clues 

Answers:

1. b

2. a

3. b

4. d

5. c

6. b and c

Discussion 

NOTICING includes:

FINDING only one example of Dev apologizing indirectly.

IDENTIFY:

Dev’s offence was NOT communicating for a while.

Instead of sorry, Dev says, “I have been somewhat ... distant.”

A variety of answers are possible for a father NOT apologizing directly to his child.

Roshan says “sorry” nine times.

IDENTIFY Roshan’s actions that offend his father:

Roshan thought he offended his father by not being responsible with his tools and Kerry’s truck. Earlier, he had dropped out of university against his father’s wishes.

“Sorry” means “excuse me,” “I apologize,” “I don’t understand,” or “please forgive me.”

Discussion about the meaning of “sorry” may include the degree, or lack of, sincerity attached to a word that is used so commonly.

DISCUSSION is an opportunity for learners to express a variety of perspectives.

Listening Progress Check

Answers:

Part A

Excerpt 1

1. a

2. b

3. b and c

Excerpt 2

1. a

2. b

3. b, c, and d

Excerpt 3

1. b

2. a

3. a

Part B

1. b and c

2. b and d

3. a and c

4. b, c, and d

5. a and d

Writing 

Scaffolding Genre-exploring Activity

Paragraph 1

This sentence should be crossed out:

Fourth, he should not wear his watch on his right wrist.

Possible topic sentences:

• Here are four recommendations for safe driving.

• Musa should follow this advice when he is driving.

Paragraph 2

This sentence should be crossed out:

Lane lines are yellow or white.

Possible topic sentences:

• Driving in the country can be dangerous.

• Country driving has different dangers than city driving.

• Drivers should be careful when driving in the countryside.

Paragraph 3

This sentence should be crossed out:

The mirror shouldn’t be so small.

Possible topic sentences:

• One woman learned a hard lesson while driving.

• Sue has regrets about her driving accident.

• There are several things Sue would do differently if she could.

Paragraph 4

This sentence should be crossed out:

You should hear the cool ring tone.

Possible topic sentences:

• Here is a description of my mistake and how I should have avoided it.

• There are some things drivers should and shouldn’t do.

Scaffolding Mechanics, Grammar, and Syntax Activity

Modals Verbs of Advice

Example

Drivers should avoid distractions while they are driving. They should keep their eyes on the road. They should control the steering wheel with both hands. They should not text while driving. To avoid being distracted, drivers could turn off their cellphones. They might put their cellphones out of reach.

INFLEXIBLE ADVICE:	should avoid, should keep, should control, should not text
FLEXIBLE ADVICE:	could turn off, might put

Advising with SHOULD: Present and Future

Paragraph 1		Paragraph 2		Example Paragraph
Positive	Negative	Positive	Negative	Positive	Negative
should look	should not text	should look out	shouldn’t drive	should avoid	should not text
should place		should stay	shouldn’t speed	should keep
should keep				should control

Regretting with SHOULD: Past

A variety of answers are possible. Here are some.

6. Gilles avoided Claire.

   + He should have talked to her sooner.

   – He shouldn’t have waited to talk about the problem.

7. Ivan threw garbage on Claire’s property.

   + He should have guessed bears would come.

   – He shouldn’t have been so angry/stubborn.

8. Dev was distant from his son, Roshan.

   + He should have let Roshan choose his own career path.

   – He shouldn’t have stopped talking to his son.

9. Roshan didn’t lock his tools in Kerry’s truck.

   + He should have been more careful.

   – He shouldn’t have put his tools in the truck box.

10. Kerry didn’t take his wife out for their anniversary.

    + He should have taken her out later.

    – He shouldn’t have cancelled the date.

Speaking

Intonation Scaffolding Activities

Practise Linking Words

1. I won’t apologize for that.

   I won-tapologize for that.

2. Sorry, could you hang on a second?

   Sorry, could you hang-o n-a second?

3. My truck isn’t easily offended.

   My tru-ckisn-teasily offended.

4. I left a couple of messages.

   I lef-ta coupa-lof messages.

5. Your campers are frightened of these bears.

   Your camper-sare frighten-dof these bears.

6. I am an old man.

   I a-ma-nol-dman.

7. You don’t even owe me an apology.

   You don-teve-nowe me a-napology.

8. Sorry, Roshan, I really can’t accept this.

   Sorry, Roshan, I really can-taccep-this.

9. I’ll take care of it right away.

   I’ll ta-ka-rov it righ-taway.

10. Accountability is an important part of your character, Roshan.

    Accountability i-sa-nimportant par-tof your character, Roshan.

Discussion

Various answers are possible.