4.7: Grammar (2) الفعل المضارع المنصوب والمصدر
- Page ID
- 209431
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)In this section, you will be able to:
- Learn about present-tense case marking.
- Compare the case endings of verbs.
Present Tense Case Marking
المضارع المرفوع
- The default case ending for the present tense is الضمة " ُ" as in يأكلُ – يطبخُ - يشربُ – نحبُ.
- This الضمة will not appear in unvocalized texts.
- There is no need to pronounce الضمة with verb conjugation that ends with one of the suffixes (ون، ان، ين) as in تحبين - تشربين - تشربون- تحبون- يحبون - يشربون .
المضارع المنصوب
- The case الضمة changes to الفتحة when the following particles precede the present verb: أنْ - لَنْ- لِـ as in لن أُسافِرَ- أَنْ ألْعَبَ- لِأدرُسَ.
- These particles mean to=أنْ in the expression "love to," in order to= لِـ, and لَنْ particle is used to negate the future tense and it means "won't."
- In the case of المضارع المنصوب the verb conjugation that ends with one of the suffixes (ون، ان، ين) the letter نون should be removed from the end of the verb as in أنتِ تُحبين - أنتِ لن تُحبي
- Study these verbs and compare the case ending of verbs.
| لِـ with المضارع المنصوب | لَنْ with المضارع المنصوب | أنْ with المضارع المنصوب | المضارع المرفوع | Subject Pronouns |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| لِأَكْـتُبَ | لَنْ أَكْـتُبَ | أَنْ أَكْـتُبَ | أَكْـتُبُ | (I) أَنا |
| لِنَكْـتُبَ | لَنْ نَكْـتُبَ | أَنْ نَكْـتُبَ | نَكْـتُبُ | (we) نحنُ |
| لِتَكْـتُبَ | لَنْ تَكْـتُبَ | أَنْ تَكْـتُبَ | تَكْـتُبُ | (You, m,s) أنْتَ |
| لِتَكْـتُبي | لَنْ تَكْـتُبي | أنْ تَكْـتُبي | تَكْـتُبينَ | (You, f,s) أنْتِ |
| لِتَكْـتُبا | لَنْ تَكْـتُبا | أنْ تَكْـتُبا | تَكْـتُبانِ | (You, m,dual) أنتُما |
| لِتَكْـتُبا | لَنْ تَكْـتُبا | أَنْ تَكْـتُبا | تَكْـتُبانِ | (You, f, dual) أنتُما |
| لِتكْـتُبُوا | لَنْ تكْـتُبُوا | أَنْ تكْـتُبُوا | تكْـتُبُونَ | (You, m,p) أنْتُم |
| لِتَكْـتُبُنَ | لَنْ تَكْـتُبُنَ | أنْ تَكْـتُبُنَ | تَكْـتُبُنَ | (You, f,p) أنْتُنَّ |
| لِيَكْـتُبَ | لَنْ يَكْـتُبَ | أَنْ يَكْـتُبَ | يَكْـتُبُ | (he) هُوَ |
| لِتَكْـتُبَ | لَنْ تَكْـتُبَ | أنْ تَكْـتُبَ | تَكْـتُبُ | (she) هِيَ |
| لِيَكْـتُبا | لَنْ يَكْـتُبا | أنْ يَكْـتُبا | يَكْـتُبانِ | (they, m, dual) هُما |
| لِتَكْـتُبا | لَنْ تَكْـتُبا | أَنْ تَكْـتُبا | تَكْـتُبانِ | (they, f, dual) هُما |
| لِيَكْـتُبُوا | لَنْ يَكْـتُبُوا | أنْ يَكْـتُبُوا | يَكْـتُبُونَ | (they, m, p) هُم |
| لِيَكْـتُبْنَ | لَنْ يَكْـتُبْنَ | أَنْ يَكْـتُبْنَ | يَكْـتُبْنَ | (they, f, p) هُنَّ |
- Study this table and note what happens to the ending of the verbs
| English translation | الفعل المضارع المنصوب | English translation | الفعل المضارع المرفوع |
|---|---|---|---|
| Do you like to cook in the weekend, oh Rana? | هل تحبينَ أن تطبخي في عطلة نهاية الأسبوع، يا رنا؟ | Do you cook in the weekend, oh Rana? | هل تطبخين في عطلة نهاية الأسبوع، يا رنا؟ |
| Do you like to live in a big city, oh guys? | هل تحبون أن تسكنوا في مدينة كبيرة، يا شباب؟ | Do you live in a big city, oh guys? | هل تسكنون في مدينة كبيرة، يا شباب؟ |
| Arab youth like to play soccer. | الشباب العربي يحبون أن يلعبوا كرة القدم | Arab youth like soccer. | الشباب العربي يحبون كرة القدم |
Present Tense and Masdar الفعل المضارع والمصدر
الفعل المضارع + أنْ = المصدر
- المصدر can equally be expressed by the structure أنْ+ present tense verb.
- These two constructions express the same meaning. For example أُحِبُّ شُربَ القهوةِ = أُحبُّ أَنْ أَشْرَبَ القَهوة
- In Arabic, you can use the particle أنْ in most cases whereas use the infinitive in English as in يريدُ أن يدرسَ الأدب.
- We do not use أنْ with the verb to begin= يبدأُ as in يبدَأُ دراسة اللغة العربية or يبدأً يدرسُ اللغة العربية
- The words قبل and بعد must be followed by either المصدر or the linking word أنْ as in قبل الأكل before eating = قبل أنْ آكُلَ before I eat, بعدَ العمل after working= بعدَ أن يعملَ after he works.
Practice
Choose the appropriate word and structure to complete the following sentences:
لـِ + الفعل المضارع = لِـ + المصدر
- The phrase "in order to" may be expressed using لـِ followed by the present tense المضارع المنصوب or المصدر as in أدرسُ لِأَتخرجَ من الجامِعَة= أدرسُ لِلتخرُّجِ من الجامعة
Practice
Choose the appropriate word and structure to complete the following sentences: