10.8: Bahrain

Learning Objectives

In this section, you will be able to:

• Learn about Bahrain, its Geographic location, famous cities, most famous artifacts, and traditional food and clothes.

Facts about Bahrain

Bahrain, a small island nation in the Persian Gulf, is known for its rich history, economic prosperity, and cultural diversity. Officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, it is an archipelago consisting of 33 islands, with Manama as its capital and largest city. Bahrain was one of the first Gulf states to discover oil in 1932, and it has since diversified its economy, becoming a significant financial and banking hub in the Middle East. The country is also notable for its progressive stance on education and women's rights compared to many of its regional neighbors. Bahrain is home to the UNESCO World Heritage site of Qal'at al-Bahrain, an ancient harbor and capital of the Dilmun civilization, highlighting its historical significance. The annual Bahrain Grand Prix, part of the Formula One World Championship, showcases the country's modernity and global connectivity. Culturally, Bahrain is a blend of Arab tradition and cosmopolitan influences, with a vibrant arts scene, diverse culinary offerings, and a commitment to preserving its heritage while embracing the future. Despite its small size, Bahrain plays a crucial role in regional politics and economics, balancing tradition and modernity in its development journey.

• Official Name: Kingdom of Bahrain مملكة البحرين Mamlakat Al-Bahrayn
• Capital: Manama
• Population: 1,501,635 ( 2022 estimate)
• Currency: Bahraini dinar الدينار البحريني aldinar albahrani
• Continent: Asia آسيا asia
• Official Lagrange: Modern Standard Arabic

Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): Arabian Gulf Countries Map by furfur via Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 4.0

Geographical Location and Flag

Bahrain, officially known as the Kingdom of Bahrain, is a small island nation situated in the Persian Gulf, to the east of Saudi Arabia and west of the Qatar peninsula. The country is an archipelago comprising 33 natural islands, with Bahrain Island being the largest. Its strategic location in the Gulf has historically made it a crucial trade and cultural crossroads. The capital city, Manama, is located on the northeastern tip of Bahrain Island and serves as the political, economic, and cultural heart of the country.

The national flag of Bahrain is distinctive and symbolic, featuring a white band on the left and a larger red field on the right, separated by a serrated line of five white triangles that form a zigzag pattern. The five triangles correspond to the five pillars of Islam, underscoring Bahrain's deep-rooted Islamic heritage. The flag's unique design reflects Bahrain's identity and its rich history, making it a prominent national symbol recognized worldwide.

Bahrain

Famous Cities

Bahrain, though small in size, is home to several cities that are significant for their cultural, economic, and historical importance. Each city contributes uniquely to the nation’s identity and development.

• Manama, the capital city, is the largest and most cosmopolitan city in Bahrain. It is the political and economic heart of the country, housing government offices, financial institutions, and numerous multinational corporations. Manama is known for its modern skyline, which features a mix of traditional and contemporary architecture, including landmarks like the Bahrain World Trade Center and the Bahrain Financial Harbour. The city is also a cultural hub, with attractions such as the Bahrain National Museum, Bab Al Bahrain, and the bustling Manama Souq.
• Muharraq, the third-largest city, is located to the northeast of Manama. It was once the capital of Bahrain and retains much of its historical charm. Muharraq is renowned for its traditional Bahraini houses, winding alleyways, and cultural sites such as the Sheikh Isa bin Ali House and the Arad Fort. The city is also famous for its pearling heritage, which is commemorated through the UNESCO World Heritage site "Pearling, Testimony of an Island Economy."
• Riffa is divided into East Riffa and West Riffa and is the second-largest city in Bahrain. It is a residential area known for its quiet neighborhoods, parks, and shopping destinations. East Riffa is home to several historical sites, including the Riffa Fort, while West Riffa is notable for being a preferred residence of the Bahraini royal family. The city also hosts the Royal Golf Club, a popular destination for golf enthusiasts.
• Isa Town, named after the late Emir Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, is located in the central part of Bahrain. It is known for its educational institutions and sports facilities. The city is home to the Bahrain National Stadium, the largest stadium in the country, which hosts various sports events and national celebrations. Isa Town is also a major commercial center with a variety of markets and shopping centers.
• Hamad Town is a planned community located southwest of Manama. It was established in the 1980s to provide affordable housing for Bahraini citizens. The town is well-organized, with residential areas, schools, mosques, and shopping centers, making it a popular choice for families. It is named after the current king, Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa.
• Sitra is an island city located south of Manama, known for its industrial activities and oil refineries. It plays a crucial role in Bahrain’s economy due to its industrial zone and the presence of the Sitra oil terminal. Despite its industrial nature, Sitra also has residential areas and is connected to the mainland by several causeways.

Manama

Muharraq

Riffa

Isa Town

Traditional Food

Bahraini cuisine is a vibrant blend of Arabian, Persian, Indian, and African influences, reflecting the country's historical position as a trade hub. The food is characterized by the use of fresh ingredients, aromatic spices, and traditional cooking techniques, resulting in flavorful and hearty dishes. Here are some of the most famous foods in Bahrain:

• Machboos, also known as Kabsa, is Bahrain's national dish. It is a spiced rice dish cooked with meat (usually chicken, lamb, or fish), tomatoes, and a blend of spices such as cardamom, cloves, cinnamon, black lime, and nutmeg. The meat is typically slow-cooked to ensure it absorbs all the flavors of the spices. Machboos is often garnished with fried onions, nuts, and raisins, adding both texture and flavor.
• Harees is a traditional dish commonly prepared during Ramadan and festive occasions. It is a creamy porridge made from wheat and meat (usually chicken or lamb), cooked slowly until it reaches a smooth consistency. The dish is often flavored with ghee and sometimes topped with cinnamon and sugar, providing a savory yet slightly sweet taste.
• Balaleet is a sweet and savory breakfast dish made from vermicelli noodles cooked with sugar, saffron, cardamom, and rose water. It is typically topped with a thin omelet, creating a unique combination of flavors and textures. Balaleet is particularly popular during Ramadan.
• Samboosa, also known as Samosa, is a popular snack in Bahrain. It is a deep-fried pastry filled with a variety of ingredients, such as spiced meat, vegetables, or cheese. The crispy exterior and flavorful filling make it a favorite during Ramadan and other celebrations.
• Ghoozi, also spelled Qoozi, is a traditional Bahraini dish often served during special occasions like weddings and family gatherings. It consists of a whole lamb stuffed with rice, spices, nuts, and sometimes boiled eggs. The stuffed lamb is then slow-cooked until tender, resulting in a rich and flavorful dish.
• Muhammar is a sweet rice dish flavored with sugar, dates, and saffron. It is usually served as a side dish with savory meals, particularly grilled or roasted meats. The combination of sweet and savory flavors makes Muhammar a unique and beloved dish in Bahraini cuisine.
• Khubz, also known as Arabic bread or pita bread, is a staple in Bahraini cuisine. This round, flatbread is often baked in traditional clay ovens and served with almost every meal. It is perfect for scooping up dips like hummus and baba ghanoush or accompanying stews and grilled meats.
• Halwa Bahraini is a traditional sweet treat made from starch, saffron, cardamom, nuts, and rose water. It has a gelatinous texture and is often served during celebrations and special occasions. The rich flavor and unique texture make it a favorite among locals and visitors alike.
• Thareed is a traditional Bahraini stew made with meat (usually chicken or lamb), vegetables, and bread. The bread is soaked in the stew, absorbing the flavors and creating a hearty, comforting dish. Thareed is particularly popular during Ramadan.

مجبوس

هريس

بلاليط

محمَر

These dishes represent the rich culinary heritage of Bahrain, offering a delightful mix of flavors and aromas that reflect the country’s diverse cultural influences and traditions. Whether enjoyed at home, in a traditional restaurant, or during a festive celebration, Bahraini food provides a true taste of the nation’s hospitality and history.

Traditional Clothes

Traditional clothing in Bahrain is a reflection of the country's cultural heritage and Islamic values, combining practicality with elegance. These garments are worn by both men and women, each with distinct styles that are suitable for the hot desert climate while also reflecting the country's customs and traditions.

Men's Traditional Clothing

• Thobe (Dishdasha): The most common traditional garment for Bahraini men is the thobe, also known as a dishdasha. This is a long, loose-fitting robe that reaches the ankles and is usually made from light-colored cotton fabric to keep cool in the hot climate. White is the most common color, especially during the summer, while darker shades like black, blue, and brown are worn during the cooler months.
• Ghutra and Agal: To complement the thobe, Bahraini men often wear a ghutra or shemagh, which is a square or rectangular headscarf. The ghutra is typically white, while the shemagh features a red and white checkered pattern. It is folded into a triangle and draped over the head, then secured with a black cord known as an agal.
• Bisht: For formal occasions and ceremonies, men wear a bisht over their thobe. The bisht is a cloak made from wool or cotton, often in black, brown, or cream colors, and is adorned with gold or silver embroidery. It symbolizes prestige and is worn by officials, dignitaries, and at special events like weddings.

Women's Traditional Clothing

• Abaya: The abaya is the most common traditional garment for Bahraini women. It is a long, black cloak that covers the entire body, providing modesty and adhering to Islamic dress codes. The abaya can be simple or decorated with intricate embroidery, sequins, and beads, reflecting personal style and social status.
• Hijab and Niqab: Along with the abaya, women often wear a hijab to cover their hair, neck, and sometimes the shoulders. The hijab comes in various styles and colors, allowing for personal expression while maintaining modesty. Some women also wear a niqab, which covers the face, leaving only the eyes visible.
• Thobe Al Nashal: For special occasions such as weddings and festivals, Bahraini women may wear a thobe al nashal. This traditional dress is brightly colored and elaborately embroidered with gold or silver thread. It is worn over an inner dress and is known for its luxurious and ornate design.
• Jewelry: Bahraini women often accessorize their traditional attire with gold jewelry, which holds cultural significance and is a symbol of wealth and status. Common pieces include necklaces, bracelets, rings, and earrings, often featuring intricate designs and precious stones.

Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): Copy and Paste Caption here. (Copyright; author via source)

In summary, traditional clothing in Bahrain is a beautiful blend of practicality, cultural expression, and religious adherence. These garments play an important role in daily life, social events, and formal occasions, reflecting the rich cultural heritage and values of Bahraini society.

Conclusion

Bahrain, a small yet culturally rich and economically vibrant nation in the Persian Gulf, stands out as a beacon of tradition and modernity. Its strategic location and historical significance have shaped a diverse cultural heritage, reflected in its traditional attire, cuisine, and festivals. The nation's capital, Manama, is a testament to Bahrain's rapid modernization, blending futuristic architecture with historical sites. Economically, Bahrain has leveraged its early oil discoveries to diversify into finance and tourism, making it a dynamic player in the region. Its commitment to education, progressive social policies, and infrastructural development underscores a forward-thinking approach while honoring its deep-rooted traditions. Whether through its bustling souqs, culinary delights, or cultural landmarks, Bahrain offers a unique and enriching experience, embodying the harmonious coexistence of the past and the future.

Activities

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