8: The Development of Russia
- Page ID
- 72157
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 8.1: Rurik and the Foundation of Rus’
- This page details the establishment of the Rurik Dynasty by Rurik, a Varangian chieftain, in 862 when he founded Holmgard (Novgorod) after being invited by local tribes to restore order. His rise is documented in the Primary Chronicle. Successor Oleg expanded the dynasty by capturing Kiev in 882, marking the significance of Kievan Rus' in early Russian history. The Rurik Dynasty continued to rule until 1598.
- 8.2: Vladimir I and Christianization
- This page discusses Vladimir I's reign over Kievan Rus’ from 980 to 1015, highlighting his pivotal role in converting the region from paganism to Orthodox Christianity. His marriage to Princess Anna in 988 led to Christianity being established as the state religion, marked by the destruction of pagan temples and the construction of Kiev's first stone church. He also initiated the Baptism of Kiev, influencing many locals.
- 8.3: Yaroslav the Wise
- This page discusses Yaroslav the Wise, Grand Prince of Kiev from 1016 to 1054, highlighting his role in unifying Kievan Rus', establishing legal codes, promoting Christianity, and fortifying borders after a civil war. He built key cultural institutions like the Saint Sophia Cathedral and strengthened European ties through marriages.
- 8.4: The Mongol Threat
- This page discusses the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' starting in 1223 and intensifying under Batu Khan, culminating in the sack of Kiev in 1240 and the establishment of Mongol rule (the Tatar yoke). Exploiting local divisions after Yaroslav the Wise's death, the Mongols imposed heavy taxes and threats, leading to a relatively peaceful rule.
- 8.5: Ivan I and the Rise of Moscow
- This page outlines Moscow's evolution from a trading outpost to a powerful center in the 13th century under Ivan I. He leveraged the instabilities from the Mongol Empire's Golden Horde to attract people and wealth, promoting Moscow as a sanctuary. His alliances and territorial expansion led to his title as Grand Prince of Vladimir. By enhancing infrastructure and moving the Russian Orthodox Church's seat to Moscow, he established the city's cultural and political significance in the region.
- 8.6: The Formation of Russia
- This page details the rise of Moscow's power under Ivan III and Vasili III, highlighting their strategic expansion and oppression of rival factions. Ivan III conquered Novgorod, declared himself Tsar, and implemented strict laws to quell dissent, while Vasili III continued this expansionist and authoritarian approach, further weakening the boyars and consolidating Moscow's dominance in northern Russia.
- 8.7: Ivan the Terrible
- Ivan IV, also known as Ivan the Terrible, was the first Tsar of All the Russias from 1547 to 1584. His reign involved territorial expansion, military conquests, and cultural advancements like the Moscow Print Yard, alongside brutal repression of the boyars via the oprichnina. This created a legacy of paranoia and violence. While his military campaigns altered Russia's demographics and politics, they also strained the economy, resulting in a complex legacy.
- 8.8: The Time of Troubles
- This page details the Time of Troubles in Russia from 1598 to 1613, characterized by famine, dynastic conflicts, and Polish invasions following Tsar Feodor Ivanovich's death. Boris Godunov's reign faced unrest and false heirs. Leaders Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky united against Polish forces, culminating in the election of Michael Romanov as Tsar in 1613, which resolved internal strife but did not conclude wars with Poland and Sweden until 1619.
- 8.9: The Romanovs
- This page outlines the rise of the House of Romanov beginning in 1613 with Michael I, who brought stability and established government offices. His son, Alexis I, navigated uprisings and developed legal codes, which caused a church division. The narrative continues with Peter the Great, who modernized Russia and founded St. Petersburg during a dynastic conflict. The Romanov dynasty's reign extended until 1917, contributing significantly to Russian history.