5: Using Sources
- Page ID
- 22567
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 5.1: Preliminary Research Strategies
- This page outlines the initial steps for writing a research paper, emphasizing the importance of selecting and narrowing down a topic, formulating main and sub-questions, and identifying suitable sources. It highlights the value of preliminary research for familiarization and refining search parameters. Additionally, it offers tips for efficient searching using tools like Google Advanced Search and organizing sources into a bibliography to enhance the research process.
- 5.2: Intermediate Research Strategies
- This page explains the distinction between popular and scholarly sources for college research. Popular sources are written by journalists for a general audience, while scholarly sources are authored by experts and are peer-reviewed, containing citations and bibliographies. It advises using specialized databases such as Academic Search Premier and ProQuest, and suggests consulting college librarians for help in finding scholarly materials.
- 5.3: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Sources
- This page explains the importance of understanding primary, secondary, and tertiary sources in research. Primary sources are firsthand accounts, secondary sources analyze them, and tertiary sources summarize information from the first two. The distinctions vary by discipline, with examples like diaries in humanities and journal articles in sciences. Tertiary sources, such as encyclopedias, provide general overviews but lack original content.
- 5.4: How to Search in a Library Database
- This page explains how scholarly databases differ from general search engines by providing advanced search tools. Users can use keyword or specific field searches, and also search by citation for more efficient results. Techniques such as Boolean searching and truncation refine searches, while identifying keywords and their synonyms improves search effectiveness. These strategies enhance the research quality and experience within academic databases.
- 5.5: Evaluating Sources
- This page emphasizes the importance of evaluating sources in research by assessing their trustworthiness and suitability. Trustworthiness ensures credibility, while suitability ensures relevance to specific research questions. It suggests that suitable sources enhance the quality of essays and provides techniques for distinguishing between popular and scholarly materials, aiding informed decision-making in research.
- 5.6: Why Is Research Important?
- This page discusses the fictional Pacific Northwest Tree Octopus, which fooled many into believing in its existence. A 2011 study revealed that students remained convinced of this hoax despite being informed otherwise. It highlights the risks of misleading online information and the importance of evaluating source reliability. The text emphasizes the need for critical analysis and integration of information in research, regardless of the perceived credibility of a website.
- 5.7: Tools for Evaluating Sources
- This page discusses the C.R.A.A.P. method for evaluating source credibility based on five criteria: Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose. It emphasizes the importance of selecting sources that are current, relevant, accurate, and authored by unbiased, knowledgeable individuals for reliable information.
- 5.8: Using Multiple Sources
- This page discusses the importance of integrating diverse viewpoints for enhanced understanding. It emphasizes the skill of synthesis, which involves comparing and contrasting various perspectives to gain deeper insights. Additionally, a video is provided to illustrate the synthesis process.
- 5.9: Using Sources in Your Paper
- This page highlights the significance of correct referencing and citation in research essays to prevent plagiarism and acknowledge original ideas. It details three methods of using sources: quoting, summarizing, and paraphrasing, all requiring proper citations. Direct quotes need quotation marks along with the author's name and page number, while summaries condense main ideas. Paraphrasing involves rewording content and contextualizing sources to support the paper's argument and purpose.
- 5.10: Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Avoiding Plagiarism
- This page outlines effective research writing techniques, emphasizing the importance of summarization, quoting, and paraphrasing to support academic arguments while avoiding plagiarism. It discusses proper citation practices according to MLA and APA styles, providing examples of good and bad practices. The text warns against both intentional and accidental plagiarism, stressing the need to cite all sources accurately, including online content and images, to uphold academic integrity.
- 5.11: Avoiding Plagiarism
- This page offers guidance on avoiding plagiarism through understanding its definition, managing time for assignments, and meticulous documentation of sources. It emphasizes the importance of balancing personal ideas with evidence and suggests erring on the side of caution when unsure about citations.
- 5.12: How to Write a Summary by Paraphrasing Source Material
- This page explains the differences between paraphrasing and summarizing. Paraphrasing restates information in one's own language, emphasizing accuracy and originality rather than merely replacing words. It encourages skill development through instructional videos and adherence to assignment guidelines. Summarizing condenses main ideas and key sub-claims without personal opinions, ensuring originality and focus on the author's points.
- 5.13: MLA Format
- This page emphasizes the significance of proper citation in academic writing, particularly in MLA format. It highlights the necessity for in-text citations to match full citations in the works cited page, exemplified by Benedict Anderson’s work. The page offers guidance on formatting, directs readers to online resources and the MLA Handbook, and includes a checklist for MLA formatting and exercises for correcting citation errors.
- 5.14: Formatting the Works Cited Page (MLA)
- This page emphasizes the importance of in-text citations and a works cited page when incorporating external sources in writing. It highlights that in-text citations correlate with full citations on the works cited page, enhancing credibility and research integrity. Adhering to MLA guidelines for formatting, including double spacing and alphabetical order, is crucial for clarity and allows readers to evaluate source credibility effectively.
- 5.15: Citing Paraphrases and Summaries (APA)
- This page offers guidance on APA citation for paraphrased and summarized content. Paraphrasing requires expressing an author's ideas in original language, including the author’s last name, publication year, and suggested page number. Summarizing condenses major ideas using the same citation format. For multiple sources, they should be alphabetically listed in one parenthetical reference, separated by semicolons. The page includes examples for clarification.
- 5.16: APA Citation Style, 6th edition- General Style Guidelines
- This page provides guidelines for writing papers in APA style, focusing on citation methods, reference list formatting, and specific rules for various authorship scenarios. It covers citing direct quotes, paraphrases, and works with authors sharing surnames, along with handling missing page numbers.
- 5.17: Grammar/Mechanics Mini-Lecture
- This page offers links to two videos that enhance understanding of parallelism in sentence structure, with the first video explaining the concept and common issues, and the second focusing on grammatical elements.