21.1: The Classroom Lecture and Activity

Classroom Lecture and Activity:

SLO-Integrate students’ own ideas with those of others, using an appropriate documentation style (i.e., MLA or APA)  -Summarize, analyze, and evaluate the arguments, counterarguments, and evidence in the writing of others  -Conduct inquiry-based research by formulating research questions, identifying a variety of sources (e.g., utilizing internet and library resources, such as scholarly sources), and evaluating and integrating sources into writing, including using sources as evidence in researched arguments. 

Purpose: The main two purposes for the annotated bibliography is to ensure you have read and carefully evaluated all the sources you want to use in your research essay and to make sure you know how to utilize the library databases. The annotated bibliography is an alphabetical list and summary of all the sources that you plan to use in your research essay. How many sources you need and what type are usually dictated by the specific annotated bibliography assignment from your professor. For instance, a 2500 word research essay may require 8-10 sources. Most annotated bibliographies are not just submitted for a grade but for approval. This approval process is a great way to avoid having any sources that are not credible enough or that do not meet the requirements of the assignment. Sometimes you may be asked to turn in the annotated bibliography along with your essay. In these instances, it is even more important that that the sources you choose meet the standards of the assignment since you may not have a chance to revise.

What type of sources should go into your bibliography? It is good to diversify your information as much possible. This means gathering information from primary and secondary sources. Use tertiary sources sparingly. You then need to also look at the type of medium the information is coming from. Are all your sources YouTube videos? Are all your sources dense academic scholarly research that you find hard to sift through? As you collect sources during the research process and as you evaluate and analyze, many sources will not be a good fit. As you compile the annotated bibliography, you may also need to weed out repetitive sources. For instance, you have two articles about the neighborhood school options in the same Chicago community areas, but they are written by two different corporations and authors. One was published by NPR and the other one was published by University of Chicago. You will need to decide which article to keep.

Here are some common source requirements for a annotated bibliography. Always make sure to follow the guidelines of your specific assignment. Some instructors may require you to only use primary sources or some may not want you to use popular sources.

• • A Scholarly peer reviewed source
  • A book (this can be in physical format or ebook edition) Advice: You may choose to use multiple chapters from a book and not the whole book.
  • An image. (This includes any infographics that you find. All images must be cited. Try using the library, creative commons, gimp.org or other open source free websites.
  • An article from a magazine or newspaper. (The magazine or newspaper publication does not have to also be available in print.)

Annotated Bibliography Entries

The bibliography is a list much like a works cited page, but each entry in the bibliography should include more than the full citation or link to the source. Each source must be credible and have the following criteria to be approved.

 

• • Full citation including url or doi if applicable
  • Type of source (Primary/Secondary/Tertiary)
  • Thoughtful evaluation of the source. This means choosing an evaluation method and showing how you evaluated the source using each criteria.
  • Summary of the source
  • How you plan to use the source in your essay

 

SAMPLE ENTRIES

These are samples of successful annotated entries. These samples come from different annotated bibliographies.

SAMPLE 1

Caron, Christina. “Surrogacy Is Complicated. Just Ask New York.” The New York Times,

The New York Times, 18 Apr. 2020, www.nytimes.com/2020/04/18/parenting/pregnancy/surrogacy-laws-new-york.html Accessed on 12 November 2021.

 

This article provides a statistical infographic image of the number of babies born in the U.S. Ever since 2004 to 2015, the rate of surrogacy births has increased over the years, leading many infertile parents to trust the operation.

The source relates to my topic because it discusses the positive outcomes surrogacy has had within many infertile parents, creating the population of surrogate pregnancy to grow. The infographic that Beitsch uses to analyze the growth of surrogacy is from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. ASRM accomplishes its mission through excellent research on patients, physicians, and affiliated health care providers.

The author and publisher in this article are Rebecca Beitsch from the Pew Charitable Trust. The Pew Charitable Trust is known for its research on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world. Pew Charitable Trust's vision is to solve today’s most challenging problems while applying analytical research and countries' policies. Rebecca Beitsch has won various journalism awards based on the extraordinary stories she provides for readers.

She covered state governments in Missouri and North Dakota, discussing the intersection of politics and policy for news radios. The information comes from infographics and experiences from infertile and gay marriages.

The infographic image will help support my thesis on why surrogacy should be considered a helpful process for any new parents yearning to experience parenthood.

The article discusses how The New York State Assembly passed a bill to protect surrogates' health and rights, but it stalled in the Senate. The New York bill aimed to legalize gestational surrogacy and discourage traditional surrogacy. State laws are changing to allow surrogacy. Washington State, New Jersey, and 47 other states have laws allowing surrogacy. With perspectives from doctors, surrogates, and state representatives, it provides the readers with the understanding that surrogate participants need a support system. The information was published on April 18, 2020, by the New York Times. The article relates to my topic and question because it talks about U.S. laws and the legal aspect of surrogacy. Links are functional on the underlined words and sentences such as "surrogacy" and "not so fast". The intended audience is the citizens of the U.S. and any individuals who are interested in a surrogate pregnancy. The author and publisher in this article are Christina Caron from the New York Times. The New York Times is known for its credible information and exposing factual truths that lie within events. Christina Caron is a reporter who covers mental health and the intersection of culture and health care. She qualifies to write on this topic because she has spent a decade working in broadcast news and worked as a clinical research coordinator. The information comes from doctors, lawyers, and nurse practitioners. It also comes from the links she provided, which readers can review the evidence themselves. The purpose of the information was to inform how different groups perceive surrogacy. Caron gives various perspectives, thus leading this article to not hold any biases. This article is a secondary source because she does not conduct any form of study of her own.

I will use this article because it dives into different spectrums of surrogacy while including historical events. For example, Caron uses the case of Baby M, a case in which surrogacy had complications in ethics. I can use this portion of the article to discuss the legal and ethical perspectives of surrogacy. The details of the case helped me get an understanding of surrogate participants' experiences. Baby M's case will help answer the first part of the question of how a person's legal and ethical ideologies impact the view of surrogate pregnancy.

SAMPLE 2

Lee, Charles, et al. “Chapter Eight: Environmental Justice.”Environmental Health : From

Global to Local, edited by Howard Frumkin, John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2005. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ccchicago/detail.action?docID=239440.

I would like to note that this book source is quite peculiar as each chapter in the book has a different author. The chapter I am using, chapter eight, was written by Charles Lee, so I put his name in my citation followed by et al for all the other authors of the other chapters in the book. This source is a very dense public health book that talks about environmental health ranging from a global lense to a local one. Environmental health is a specific branch of public health that works on understanding the natural and human made environment and how they affect public health. Since the book is so dense, I decided to use the chapter I thought would provide me with the most information, chapter eight. The purpose of this chapter is to help the audience understand the role that environmental justice plays in shaping the interaction of people with the environment depending on certain factors such as race, ethnicity, and financial stability. This chapter establishes authority successfully because the author, Charles Lee, is an activist who works for the EPA as a senior policy advisor, so he is a credible expert in his field. Published in 2005, this book helps me create a timeline to conceptualize the development of climate related issues and their effect on indigenous communities. The fact that Lee is making similar connections in his chapter as other authors/researchers like Shanondora Billiot and Catherine E. McKinley who have both published works more recently shows that there is a continual trend of climate change affecting marginalized communities more severely. This makes the book relevant to my paper because it helps me build on the concepts of more recent studies and draw connections to the past. The chapter appears to be structured so that it builds on concepts in a way to help the reader understand the topic on a small and grander scale. I plan on using this secondary source to help paint a picture of how climate change relates to disparities in indigenous communities.

 

Classroom Activity

Using the following short article, create an annotated bibliography entry for it. You may work in groups or on your own. Discuss what was most difficult and most easy about creating the entry.

“Chicago Inside Out” by Maya Dukmasova

https://placesjournal.org/article/chicago-inside-out/