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- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Music/Music_Appreciation/Music_Appreciation_(Mueller_et_al.)/1%3A_Universals/1.1%3A_What_is_Music%3FThe page discusses the broad concept of music appreciation, emphasizing that music is subjective and culturally diverse. It challenges traditional definitions by referencing John Cage's "4???33???," w...The page discusses the broad concept of music appreciation, emphasizing that music is subjective and culturally diverse. It challenges traditional definitions by referencing John Cage's "4???33???," which highlights ambient sounds as music. The text illustrates cultural biases in music preferences, such as disputes between fans of different genres like country and rap. It suggests expanding our understanding of music and encourages active listening to truly appreciate diverse musical forms.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Music/Music_Appreciation/Music_Appreciation_(Mueller_et_al.)/3%3A_Rhythm/3.1%3A_Background_TimeIn America the colloquialism to indicate a duple subdivision is to say that the music is “straight”. A triple subdivision of the background pulse divides each beat by three. The colloquialism for this...In America the colloquialism to indicate a duple subdivision is to say that the music is “straight”. A triple subdivision of the background pulse divides each beat by three. The colloquialism for this approach is to say that the music “swings”. Most American pop music can be classified as “straight” or “swinging”. This simply refers to a duple or triple subdivision of the background pulse.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Music/Music_Appreciation/Music_Appreciation_(Mueller_et_al.)/5%3A_Form_in_MusicIn standard jazz genres like big band swing the improvised aspect of the performance is limited to shorter melodic solos “over the form”. These solos are small features within a complex arrangement of...In standard jazz genres like big band swing the improvised aspect of the performance is limited to shorter melodic solos “over the form”. These solos are small features within a complex arrangement of sounds that requires most musicians to read the music while performing. The untrained ear tends to claim, “it all sounds the same”. This sameness might also be a reflection of the lack of improvisation in Western Art music at the beginning of the 21st century.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Music/Music_Appreciation/Music_Appreciation_(Mueller_et_al.)/4%3A_Melody_Harmony_and_Texture/4.3%3A_HarmonyA two-chord progression between tonic and dominant allows the musician to start and finish with consonance represented by the tonic chord and move to a more “dissonant” area represented by the dominan...A two-chord progression between tonic and dominant allows the musician to start and finish with consonance represented by the tonic chord and move to a more “dissonant” area represented by the dominant chord. The addition of the sub-dominant chord (IV) to the tonic and dominant expands the harmonic possibilities of a chord progression. The blues chord progression is a specific sequence of the tonic, dominant, and sub-dominant chords that serves as the harmony for the blues genre.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Music/Music_Appreciation/Music_Appreciation_(Mueller_et_al.)/4%3A_Melody_Harmony_and_TextureWorld Music: Traditions and Transformations. Theory of African Music, Volume I. London: University of With His Pistol in His Hand: A Border Ballad and It’s Hero. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press....World Music: Traditions and Transformations. Theory of African Music, Volume I. London: University of With His Pistol in His Hand: A Border Ballad and It’s Hero. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. Huang and H. New York: Oxford University Press. Worland, Randy. “Demonstrating the Effect of Air Temperature on Wind Instrument Tuning.” Presented at the 161 st Acoustical Society of America Meeting, May 26, 2011. A History of Rock Music.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Music/Music_Appreciation/Music_Appreciation_(Mueller_et_al.)/5%3A_Form_in_Music/5.4%3A_Sectional_formsExamples of binary melodies are the pieces Turkey in the Straw, Yankee Doodle and Greensleeves.These pieces show the contrast of the A section and the B section. The four genres that utilize the sonat...Examples of binary melodies are the pieces Turkey in the Straw, Yankee Doodle and Greensleeves.These pieces show the contrast of the A section and the B section. The four genres that utilize the sonata cycle are the sonata, the concerto, the string quartet, and the symphony. The ultimate goal of the development is to set up the cadence from back to tonic for the return of theme 1 in the recapitulation.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Music/Music_Appreciation/Music_Appreciation_(Mueller_et_al.)/1%3A_Universals/1.2%3A_The_Word_%E2%80%9CMusic%E2%80%9DThe concept of music as sound organized by humans is rooted in Western culture and doesn't universally apply across different cultures. For instance, the Arabic term "musiqaa" aligns with much of what...The concept of music as sound organized by humans is rooted in Western culture and doesn't universally apply across different cultures. For instance, the Arabic term "musiqaa" aligns with much of what is considered music in the West but excludes the melodic recitation of the Qur'an, which is seen as a spiritual, not musical, act. Similarly, while religious chants like the Gregorian chant are classified as music in the West, some cultures integrate music into daily life.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Music/Music_Appreciation/Music_Appreciation_(Mueller_et_al.)/3%3A_Rhythm/3.4%3A_Cultural_Approaches_to_RhythmIn the region of the world that Westerners have traditionally called the “Middle East” secular music practices are rhythmically anchored by rhythmic modes known as iqa'. There are hundreds of variatio...In the region of the world that Westerners have traditionally called the “Middle East” secular music practices are rhythmically anchored by rhythmic modes known as iqa'. There are hundreds of variations of iqa'. Each one has subtle differences that give it particular expressive meaning. When listening to the tala knowledgeable listeners often mark the parts of the tala by using a series of claps and waves of the hands known as kriyas.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Music/Music_Appreciation/Music_Appreciation_(Mueller_et_al.)/5%3A_Form_in_Music/5.1%3A_Repetition%2C_Variation%2C_and_ContrastWhen musicians structure a form they utilize repetition of melodies, rhythms, chord progressions, and metric cycles to create organization units. Small musical ideas that are developed and repeated th...When musicians structure a form they utilize repetition of melodies, rhythms, chord progressions, and metric cycles to create organization units. Small musical ideas that are developed and repeated throughout a piece are called motives. A highly recognizable example of a motive used in Western Art Music is the “three-shorts and a long” motive that is heard at the beginning of Beethoven’s Symphony No. Themes are melodies or rhythms that are repeated or varied throughout a musical work.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Music/Music_Appreciation/Music_Appreciation_(Mueller_et_al.)/2%3A_Musical_InstrumentsReference List Bakan, Michael B. 2012. World Music: Traditions and Transformations. 2 nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Kilroe-Smith, Catherine. Musical Journeys. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt. Wade, Bonnie C...Reference List Bakan, Michael B. 2012. World Music: Traditions and Transformations. 2 nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Kilroe-Smith, Catherine. Musical Journeys. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt. Wade, Bonnie C. 2013. Thinking Musically: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture. 3 rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Music/Music_Appreciation/Music_Appreciation_(Mueller_et_al.)/3%3A_RhythmThe study of the unique treatment of sounds to create a piece necessitates breaking the music down into “elements”. There are many different opinions as to what an exhaustive list of elements should i...The study of the unique treatment of sounds to create a piece necessitates breaking the music down into “elements”. There are many different opinions as to what an exhaustive list of elements should include. Frequency refers to the physical wavelength of the tone, which manifests as the height of the tone (pitch). This use is evident when discussing a specific rhythm that is heard in a piece of music (like the clave rhythm found in West-African music and music of the diaspora).
