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    2

    Todd Smith

    Chapter 1

    1. “Chuck Berry circa 1958” by Pickwick Records, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    2. “The three musicians, Tomb of Nakht, Thebes” by Maler der Grabkammer des Nacht, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    3. “PiscalDivjeBabe” by Ziga, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain, CC0
    4. “Music Sharp Three Sharps” by Flash Alexander, Public Domain Pictures is in the Public Domain
    5. “Stephen Foster” by Library of Congress, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    6. “Hard Times Come No More”by Library of Congress, Wikimedia Commonsis in the Public Domain

    Chapter 2

    1. “Broadway 1899”, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    2. “Scott Joplin 1907” by Library of Congress, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    3. “Maple Leaf Rag”, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    4. “Tin Pan Alley”, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    5. “ODJBcard”, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    6. “Louis Armstrong, between 1938 and 1948” by William P. Gottlieb, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    7. “Griot Africa”, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    8. “WCHandyB” by Carl Van Vechten, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    9. “Edison and Photograph” by Levin C. Handy, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    10. “Phonautograph 1859” by Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    11. “Edison phonograph-CnAM 18732-IMG 5309-gradient” by Rama, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
    12. “Gramophone” by Jalal Gérald Aro is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0

    Chapter 3

    1. “Portrait of Bunk Johnson, Leadbelly, George Lewis, and Alcide Pavageau, Stuyvesant Casino, New York, N.Y., ca. June 1946” by William P. Gottlieb, Library of Congress is in the Public Domain, CC0
    2. “12 Bar Blues Form” by Todd Smith, Western Washington University is licensed under CC BY 4.0
    3. “Mamie Smith”, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    4. “Ma Rainey”, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    5. “Bessie Smith” by Carl Van Vechten, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    6. “Blind Lemon Jefferson circa 1926”, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    7. “Slide Guitar” by Lubos Bena, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

    Chapter 4

    1. “African Americans standing outside of a church” by Library of Congress, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    2. “Church Choir ca 1920” by Doris Ulmann, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    3. “Mahalia Jackson”, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain, CC0
    4. “Mills Brothers” by Fraser MacPherson, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY 2.0
    5. “National Barn Dance 1940” by WLS Radio, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    6. “WSM Tower” by Garrett A. Wollman, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5
    7. “Jimmie Rodgers”, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    8. “Carter Family 1927” by Victor Talking Machine Company, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    9. “Hand Williams Promotional Photo” by WMS Radio, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    10. “Johnny Cash (1964)” by Columbia Records, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    11. “George Jones” , Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

    Chapter 5

    1. “Louis Jordan” by J. Walter Thompson, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    2. “Roy Brown publicity photo”, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    3. “Bo-Diddley” by Masao Nakagami, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bo-Diddley.jpg is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0

    Chapter 6

    1. “Skyline looking toward Lake Michigan, Chicago, 1940s” by Newberry Library, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    2. “Elektrofryingpan” by Museum of Making Music, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY 3.0
    3. “Gibson Magazine Advertisement” by Gibson Guitar Corporation, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    4. “Gibson Les Paul Goldtop retrofit based on 1973 Gibson Les Paul Deluxe” by TT Zop, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    5. “Fender Telecaster American Vintage 1952” by Massimo Barbieri, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
    6. “1953 Fender Champ model 5C1” by BrotherAbel, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain, CC0
    7. “Fender Dual Showman” by Todd Smith, Western Washington University is licensed under CC BY 4.0
    8. “T-Bone Walker 1972” by Heinrich Klaffs, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    9. “Muddy Waters november 1976” by Lionel Decoster, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
    10. “B.B. King” by Heinrich Klaffs, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    11. “Howlin’ Wolf 1972” by Doug Fulton, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    12. “Willie Dixon in 1963” by Mallory1180, Wikimedia Commonsis licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
    13. “Bo Diddley beat”, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain

    Chapter 7

    1. “Big Joe Turner Rock and Roll Revue Apollo Theater 1955” by Studio Films, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain
    2. “Sun Studio”, Wikimedia is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5
    3. “Elvis Presley – TV Radio Mirror, September 1956”, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain
    4. “Elvis and RCA Victor”, Wikimedia is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
    5. “Elvis Presley in Germany” by Vittoriano Rastelli, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain
    6. “Carl Perkins 1977” by CBS Television, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain
    7. “Jerry Lee Lewis 1950s” by Maurice Seymour, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain
    8. “Eddie Cochran” by Liberty Records, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain
    9. “Buddy Holly” by Brunswick Records, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain
    10. “Chuck Berry circa 1958” by Pickwick Records, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    11. “Everly Brothers” by Bruno Bernard, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain
    12. “Little Richard (1967)” by Okeh Records, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain

    Chapter 8

    1. “Alan Freed disk jockey” by James Kriegsmann, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain
    2. “Pat Boone” by Roger Pic, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain
    3. “Brill-Building” by Americasroof, Wikimedia is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
    4. “Phil Spector 2000” by John Mathew Smith , Wikimedia is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    5. “Dick Dale, Viva Las Vegas, 2013-03-30 “ , Wikimedia is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    6. “The Beach Boys (1965)” by Capitol Records, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain

    Chapter 9

    1. “Atlantic Records Logo”, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain
    2. “Ray Charles classic piano pose” by Maurice Seymour, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain
    3. “Otis Redding” by Volt Records, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain
    4. “Aretha Franklin 1968” by Atlantic Records , Wikimedia is in the Public Domain
    5. “Sam Cooke billboard” by RCA Victor Records, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain
    6. “James Brown 1973” by Heinrich Klaffs, Wikimedia is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    7. Stax Logo protected by fair use from Wikimedia.
    8. “Motown logo”, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain
    9. “Smokey Robinson & the Miracles”, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain
    10. “The Temptations 1968” by Motown Records, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain
    11. “The Supremes 1966” by CBS Television, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain
    12. “Stevie Wonder”, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain, CC0
    13. “Jackson 5 1971” by ABC Television, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain

    Chapter 10

    1. “Televisie-optreden van The Beatles in Treslong te Hillegom vlnr. Paul McCartney, Bestanddeelnr 916-5099” by Eric Koch, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain, CC0
    2. “Cavern Club” by George M. Groutas, Wikimedia is licensed under CC BY 2.0
    3. “Beatles and George Martin in studio 1966” by Capitol Records, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain
    4. “The Beatles in America” by United Press International, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain
    5. “Beatles with Ed Sullivan” by CBS Television, Wikimedia is in the Public Domain
    6. “TheBeatles68LP” by Beat 768, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain

    Chapter 11

    1. “The Rolling Stones” by National Archives of Norway, Flickr is in the Public Domain
    2. “Rolling Stones concert in Zuiderpark te Den Haag, Mick Jagger in aktie” by Bert Verhoeff / Anefo, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
    3. “Rolling Stones – Keith-Mick-Ron” by Michael Conen, Wikipedia is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    4. “The Who (1974)” by King Biscuit Flower Hour, Wikipedia is in the Public Domain
    5. “The Who (1972)” by Heinrich Klaffs-, Flickr is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    6. “Blues Breakers (1966)” by Ian Burt, Flickr is licensed under CC BY 2.0
    7. “Cream Clapton Bruce Baker 1960s” by General Artists Corporation / Atco Records, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    8. “Fleetwood Mac Peter Green” by Nick Contador, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0

    Chapter 12

    1. “Pete Seeger” by Fred Palumbo, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    2. “Woody Guthrie “ by Al Aumuller, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    3. “Bob Dylan in November 1963”, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY 2.0
    4. “Joan Baez Bob Dylan” by Rowland Scherman, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    5. “Bob Dylan and The Band – 1974” by Jim Summaria, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
    6. “Crosby Stills Nash and Young 1970” by CMA-Creative Management Associates/Atlantic Records, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    7. “1974 Joni Mitchell” by Asylum Records, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain

    Chapter 13

    1. “Jefferson Airplane” by Cliff, Flickr is licensed under CC BY 2.0
    2. “Jefferson Airplane photo 1967” by Herb Greene, Wikipedia is in the Public Domain
    3. “Grateful Dead (1970)” by Warner Brothers, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    4. “Grateful Dead at the Warfield” by Chris Stone, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    5. “Doors Electra Publicity Photo” by Elektra Records – Joel Brodsky, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    6. “Jimi Hendrix 1967 – Helsinki” by Hannu Lindroos / Lehtikuva, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    7. “Janis Joplin 1970” by Grossman Glozer Management Corporation, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    8. “Janis Joplin 1969” by Elliot Landy, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
    9. “The Band 1969” by Capitol Records, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain.
    10. “Pink Floyd” by lee.chihwei , Flickr is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0

    Chapter 14

    1. “Willie Nelson at Farm Aid” by Larry Philpot is licensed under CC BY 2.0
    2. “Willie Nelson Grand Ole Opry Publicity” by Grand Ole Opry is in the Public Domain
    3. “Waylon Jennings” by A&M Records is in the Public Domain
    4. “Waylon Jennings in 1976” by RCA Records is in the Public Domain
    5. “Gram Parsons Publicity Portrait” by Reprise Records is in the Public Domain
    6. “Blood, Sweat & Tears” by Columbia Records is in the Public Domain
    7. “Becker & Fagan of Steely Dan” by Kotivalo is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
    8. “Miles Davis” by Peter Buitelaar is licensed under CC BY 2.0
    9. “John Mclaughlin” by Sduraybito is in the Public Domain
    10. “AH – 1975” by Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

    Chapter 15

    1. “Led Zeppelin Promo Photo” by Led Zeppelin’s Cadillac is licensed under CC BY 2.0
    2. “Led Zeppelin Acoustic” by Heinrich Klaffs is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    3. “Led Zeppelin” by Jimmy Summaria is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
    4. “Sabs” by Warner Bros. Records is in the Public Domain
    5. “Black Sabbath – Paranoid” by Diego Torres Silvestre is licensed under CC BY 2.0
    6. “Deep Purple” by Warner Bros. Records is in the Public Domain
    7. “Van Halen – Live on Stage” by Unknown is in the Public Domain
    8. “Metallica” by Ralph_PH is licensed under CC BY 2.0

    Chapter 16

    1. “Changing the Tape Cartridge on the Mellotron” by Eric Haller is licensed under CC BY 2.0
    2. “Peter Gabriel The Watcher of the Skies” by Jean Luc is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    3. “Yes-Tales from Topographic Oceans Tour – 1974” by Hunter Desportes is licensed under CC BY 2.0
    4. “King Crimson – In the Court of the Crimson Cream” by Ian Burt is licensed under CC BY 2.0
    5. “Rush in Concert” by Enrico Frangi is in the Public Domain, CC0
    6. “Pink Floyd 1971” by Capitol Records is in the Public Domain, CC0
    7. “David Bowie” by AVRO is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
    8. “Queen” by Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain, CC0
    9. “Zappa” by Helge Overas is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
    10. “Frank Zappa – Mothers – 1968” by Thomas FHH is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0

    Chapter 17

    1. “Iggy Pop” by Yves Lorson is licensed under CC BY 2.0
    2. “New York Dolls” by AVRO is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
    3. “Ramones – Toronto 1976” by Plismo is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
    4. “Sex Pistols in Paradiso” by National Achief is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
    5. “Dead Kennedys” by Zvargas16 is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
    6. “Talking Heads – 1982” by Craig Howell is licensed under CC BY 2.0
    7. “Elvis Costello – 1980” by Braunov is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
    8. “Desmond Dekker” by Sean Mason is licensed under CC BY 2.0
    9. “Bob Marley” by Eddie Mallin is licensed under CC BY 2.0

    Chapter 18

    1. “James Brown Live in Hamburg 1973” by Heinrich Klaffs is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    2. “Larry Graham” by Larry Graham is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    3. “Curtis Mayfield” by AVRO is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
    4. “The Parliaments “ by Atco Records is in the Public Domain, CC0
    5. “Bee Gees Midnight Special 1973” by NBC Television is in the Public Domain, CC0
    6. “Discoball” by mayenco is in the Public Domain, CC0

    Chapter 19

    1. “Dj Kool Herc” by Mike Vaisanen is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
    2. “A Sidewalk in the Bronx Becomes a Playground for These Youngsters” by Dan McCoy is in the Public Domain, CC0
    3. “Subway Car” by The U.S. National Archives is in the Public Domain, CC0
    4. “Africa Bambaataa” by Mika-Photography is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
    5. “The Sugarhill Gang” by insideplaya is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    6. “DJ Grandmaster Flash” by Mika-Photography is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

    Chapter 20

    1. “Mtv logo before 1994” by Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
    2. “Michael Jackson 1984” by White House Photo Office is licensed under CC BY 1.0
    3. “Prince at Coachella” by Penner is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
    4. “Madonna – Rotterdam” by Olavtenbroek is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
    5. “Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band” by Columbia Records is in the Public Domain, CC0
    6. “U2 on Joshua Tree Tour” by Remy is licensed under CC BY 4.0
    7. “The Police” by Justin is licensed under CC BY 2.0
    8. “Poison” by Matt Becker is licensed under CC BY 3.0

    Chapter 21

    1. “Sonic Youth 2009” by livepict.com is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
    2. “Pixies in Kansas City” by Stephanie D is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    3. “Nine Inch Nails “ by Luca De Santis is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    4. “Soundgarden July 2011” by xrayspx, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    5. “Nirvana Album Cover” by Nirvana, Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain
    6. “Soundgarden – 2011” by xrayspx is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    7. “Pearl Jam” by acansino is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    8. “Staley” by Rex Aran Emrick is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0

    Chapter 22

    1. “Green Day – Billie Joe Armstrong” by Sven-Sebastian Sajak is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    2. “Phish 2009-12-30” by Dan Shinneman, Wikimedia Commons is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
    3. “Dave Matthews” by Mark Jeremy is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    4. “Radiohead” by Samuel Wiki is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5
    5. “Arrested Development live in Alaska” by Beeblebrox is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
    6. “Beastie Boys Compo” by WikiLaurent is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
    7. “Rage Against the Machine” by Penner is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
    8. “Raymond Scott” by William Morris Agency is in the Public Domain, CC0
    9. “Kraftwerk” by Raph_PH is licensed under CC BY 2.0
    10. “Aphex Twin” by Lenore is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0

    Chapter 23

    1. “Algeria Rai Star Reunites with Fans” by Magharebia is licensed under CC BY 2.0
    2. “King Sunny Ade” by master_xpo is licensed under CC BY 2.0
    3. “Ali Farka Tour” by Tagles is in the Public Domain, CC0
    4. “Oumou Sangare” by Bryan Ledgard is licensed under CC BY 2.0
    5. “Holding an Mbira Dzavadzimu” by Alex Weeks is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

    Chapter 24

    1. “Dubliners Luxembourg” by LesMeloures is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
    2. “Tercera Generacion Mariachi Vargas” by Ivan Lenovy is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5
    3. “Parra” by Revista Argentina “Panorama” is in the Public Domain, CC0
    4. “Mercedes Sosa” by National Archief is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
    5. “Fabrizio+De+Andr+faber” by Freddimercuri is licensed under CC-BY-SA-3.0

    Chapter 25

    1. “Kasuga Hachiro” by 朝日新聞社 is in the Public Domain, CC0
    2. “Visual Kei” by Jacob Ehnmark is licensed under CC BY 2.0
    3. “Yoshida Brothers at Webster Hall” by May S. Young is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    4. “AKB48” by Danny Choo is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
    5. “Ravi Shankar” by Mark Goff is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
    6. “Anoushka Shankar” by Harald Krichel is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
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