7: Ethics
- Page ID
- 94778
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 7.1: Utilitarianism
- 7.1.1: An Introduction to Utilitarianism
- 7.1.2: Hedonism
- 7.1.3: Nozick’s Experience Machine
- 7.1.4: The Foundations of Bentham’s Utilitarianism
- 7.1.5: The Structure of Bentham’s Utilitarianism
- 7.1.6: Hedonic Calculus
- 7.1.7: Problems with Bentham’s Utilitarianism
- 7.1.8: Mill’s Utilitarian Proof
- 7.1.9: Mill’s Qualitative Utilitarianism
- 7.1.10: Mill’s Rule Utilitarianism versus Bentham’s Act Utilitarianism
- 7.1.11: Strong versus Weak Rule Utilitarianism
- 7.1.12: Comparing the Classical Utilitarians
- 7.1.13: Non-Hedonistic Contemporary Utilitarianism- Peter Singer and Preference Utilitarianism
- 7.1.14: Summary
- 7.2: Kantian Ethics
- 7.2.1: An Introduction to Kantian Ethics
- 7.2.2: Some Key Ideas
- 7.2.3: Acting for the Sake of Duty and Acting in Accordance with Duty
- 7.2.4: Categorical and Hypothetical Imperatives
- 7.2.5: The First Formulation of the Categorical Imperative
- 7.2.6: Perfect and Imperfect Duties
- 7.2.7: Second Formulation of the Categorical Imperative
- 7.2.8: The Third Formulation of the Categorical Imperative and Summary
- 7.2.9: Kant on Suicide
- 7.2.10: Problems and Responses- Conflicting Duties
- 7.2.11: Problems and Responses- The Role of Intuitions
- 7.2.12: Problem and Responses- Categorical Imperatives and Etiquette
- 7.2.13: Problems and Responses- The Domain of Morality
- 7.2.14: Summary
- 7.3: Aristotelian Virtue Ethics
- 7.3.1: Aristotelian Virtue Ethics Introduction
- 7.3.2: The Function Argument
- 7.3.3: Aristotelian Goodness
- 7.3.4: Eudaimonia and Virtue
- 7.3.5: Developing the Virtues
- 7.3.6: Practical Wisdom (Phronesis)
- 7.3.7: Voluntary Actions, Involuntary Actions and Moral Responsibility
- 7.3.8: Objection- Unclear Guidance
- 7.3.9: Objection- Clashing Virtues
- 7.3.10: Objection- Circularity
- 7.3.11: Objection- Contribution to Eudaimonia
- 7.3.12: Moral Good and Individual Good
- 7.3.13: Summary
- 7.4: Aquinas’s Nstural Law Theory
- 7.4.1: Introduction to Aquinas
- 7.4.2: Motivating Natural Law Theory- The Euthyphro Dilemma and Divine Command Theory
- 7.4.3: Natural Law Theory
- 7.4.4: Summary of Aquinas’s Natural Law Theory
- 7.4.5: Putting this into Practice- The Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE)
- 7.4.6: Some Thoughts about Natural Law Theory
- 7.4.7: Summary
- 7.5: Ethics
- Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. The term ethics derives from the Ancient Greek word ἠθικός ethikos, which is derived from the word ἦθος ethos (habit, "custom"). The branch of philosophy axiology comprises the sub-branches of ethics and aesthetics, each concerned with values.