3.3: Past Participles

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Jan 3, 2023
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- 3.2: Vocabulario
- 3.3.1: Practice Past Participles

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Participio pasado

Past participles can be used as adjectives or verbs, but they always need an auxiliary verb. The auxiliary verb must be conjugated to the subject of the sentence and the past participle will stay in the same form; they do not conjugate.

Changing a verb into its past participle form is easy, just change ending "-ar" to "-ado" and endings "-er" and "-ir" to "-ido". In English, regular past participles end in "-ed", such as "closed". However, there are irregular forms in both Spanish and English.

Participos pasados regulares

Regular Past Participles in Spanish
Infinitivo	Participio pasado	Inglés
contaminar	contaminado	polluted
proteger	protegido	protected
destruir	destruido	destroyed

Práctica 1

Participios pasados irregulares

There are some verbs with irregular past participles and they do not end in "-ado" or "-ido".

Irregular Past Participles in Spanish
Infinitivo	Participio pasado	Inglés
abrir	abierto	opened
cubrir	cubierto	covered
descomponer	descompuesto	broken; not working
describir	descrito	described
escribir	escrito	written
hacer	hecho	done; made
morir	muerto	dead
poner	puesto	put
romper	roto	broken; torn; ripped
resolver	resuelto	solved
ver	visto	seen
volver	vuelto	returned

Verbs with an "-a", "-e", or "-o" as the last letter of the stem, after the infinitive ending is dropped, need an added accent mark on their past participle form, but only if the original verb ends in "-er" or "-ir". The accent mark must be placed on the "i" of "-ído".

Past Participles with Accent Marks
Infinitivo	Participio pasado	Inglés
cre-er	creído	believed
o-ír	oído	heard
tra-er	traído	brought

Participio pasado como adjetivo

Previously, you have used past participles as adjectives. For example, "aburrido" is a past participle that derives from the verb "aburrir". When past participles are used as adjectives, the ending "o" must change to agree with the noun they describe. If "aburrido" is used to describe a female, you would use the feminine form "aburrida"; if it's plural, an "s" at the end would be added, "aburridos".

When using past participles as adjectives, most of the time the auxiliary verb used will be "estar".

Ejemplos

El supermercado está cerrado. (The supermarket is closed.)
La mesa está puesta. Empecemos a comer. (The table is set. Let's start eating.)
Mis padres están enojados. (My parents are angry.)
Tu lápiz está roto. (Your pencil is broken.)
Marlene y Lupita están cansadas. (Marlene and Lupita are tired.)
Yo estoy aburrida. (I am bored.)

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Text Color

Text Size

Margin Size

Font Type

Práctica 1

Ejemplos

Práctica 2

Participio pasado

Participos pasados regulares

Práctica 1

Participios pasados irregulares

Participio pasado como adjetivo

Ejemplos

Práctica 2

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