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5.14: Las conjugaciones del presente del subjuntivo

Last updated

Jan 21, 2024
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- 5.13.4: 54. El subjuntivo en cláusulas nominales / The Subjunctive in Noun Clauses
- 5.14.1: Práctica- Las conjugaciones del presente del subjuntivo

Ana Gómez de Torres and Claudia Díaz
Allan Hancock College

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Conjugations of the present subjunctive

The grammatical tenses that we have studied so far are in the indicative mood, except all the commands. The indicative mood is used to discuss facts or real information and to present them objectively. However, the subjunctive mood is used to express attitudes towards events and actions.

Like the indicative mood, the subjunctive mood has tenses: present, past, and future. In this lesson, we are going to learn how the present subjunctive is formed. We are going to conjugate regular verbs, stem-changing verbs, and irregular verbs in the present subjunctive.

Regular Verbs

Follow these steps to conjugate in the present subjunctive:

Conjugate the verb in the "yo" form in the present tense of the indicative.
Drop the final “-o”.
Add new endings.

"-ar" verbs

New endings for "-ar" verbs: -e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en. In the chart below, the verb "hablar" is used as an example of how to conjugate verbs ending in "-ar". Note that all new endings are indicated in bold.

Subject pronoun	New endings	Conjugated verb
Yo	-e	hable
Tú	-es	hables
Ud., él, ella	-e	hable
Nosotros, nosotras	-emos	hablemos
Vosotros, vosotras	-éis	habléis
Uds., ellos, ellas	-en	hablen

"-er" verbs and "-ir" verbs

New endings for "-er" and "-ir" verbs: -a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an. In the chart below, the verbs "comer" and "abrir" are used as examples of how to conjugate verbs ending in "-er" and "-ir". Note that all new endings are indicated in bold.

Subject pronoun	New endings	Conjugation of "-er" ending verbs	Conjugation of "-ir" ending verbs
Yo	-a	coma	abra
Tú	-as	comas	abras
Ud., él, ella	-a	coma	abra
Nosotros, nosotras	-amos	comamos	abramos
Vosotros, vosotras	-áis	comáis	abráis
Uds., ellos, ellas	-an	coman	abran

Verbs that end in "-car", "-gar", "-zar"

Verbs ending in "-car", "-gar", and "-zar" have a spelling change when conjugated in the present subjunctive: -car → -que, -gar → -gue, -zar → -ce

Note: "Empezar" is a verb that ends in "-zar" and it is also a stem-changing verb. The stem-change occurs in all conjugations, except in the "nosotros" and "vosotros" forms. Note that the stem-change in the conjugations of "empezar" is noted in blue.

Subject pronouns	New endings	Conjugation: verbs ending in "-car"	Conjugation: verbs ending in "-gar"	Conjugation: verbs ending in "-zar"
Yo	-e	saque	llegue	empiece
Tú	-es	saques	llegues	empieces
Ud., él, ella	-e	saque	llegue	empiece
Nosotros, nosotras	-emos	saquemos	lleguemos	empecemos
Vosotros, vosotras	-éis	saquéis	lleguéis	empecéis
Uds., ellos, ellas	-en	saquen	lleguen	empiecen

Stem-changing verbs with "-ar" and "-er" verbs

Stem-changing verbs ending in "-ar" and "-er" have the same stem-change as the present indicative conjugations. All stem-changes are indicated in blue in the conjugation chart below.

Subject pronoun	Subjunctive endings for "-ar"	Cerrar Cierr-	Contar Cuent-	Subjunctive endings for "-er"	Querer Quier-	Poder Pued-
Yo	-e	cierre	cuente	-a	quiera	pueda
Tú	-es	cierres	cuentes	-as	quieras	puedas
Ud., él, ella	-e	cierre	cuente	-a	quiera	pueda
Nosotros, nosotras	-emos	cerremos	contemos	-amos	queramos	podamos
Vosotros, vosotras	-éis	cerréis	contéis	-áis	queráis	podáis
Uds., ellos, ellas	-en	cierren	cuenten	-an	quieran	puedan

Stem-changing verbs ending in "-ir"

Stem-changing verbs ending in "-ir" will undergo a stem-change from “e” to “i”, and “o” to “u” in the "nosotros" and "vosotros" conjugations, as shown in the chart below in the conjugations of "preferir" and "dormir". All stem-changes are indicated in blue in the conjugation chart below.

Subject pronoun	Subjunctive endings for "-ir"	Preferir Prefier- Prefier- Prefir-	Dormir Duerm- Duerm- Durm-	Pedir Ped- Pid-	Seguir Segu- Sig- ("sigo")	Decir Dec- Dig- ("digo")
Yo	-a	prefiera	duerma	pida	siga	diga
Tú	-as	prefieras	duermas	pidas	sigas	digas
Ud., él, ella	-a	prefiera	duerma	pida	siga	diga
Nosotros, nosotras	-amos	prefiramos	durmamos	pidamos	sigamos	digamos
Vosotros, vosotras	-áis	prefiráis	durmáis	pidáis	sigáis	digáis
Uds., ellos, ellas	-an	prefieran	duerman	pidan	sigan	digan

Irregular verbs

There are six irregular verbs in the present subjunctive. To remember these verbs use the mnemonic device DISHES.

Subject pronoun	Dar	Ir	Ser	Haber	Estar	Saber
Yo	dé	vaya	sea	haya	esté	sepa
Tú	des	vayas	seas	hayas	estés	sepas
Ud., él, ella	dé	vaya	sea	haya	esté	sepa
Nosotros, nosotras	demos	vayamos	seamos	hayamos	estemos	sepamos
Vosotros, vosotras	deis	vayáis	seáis	hayáis	estéis	sepáis
Uds., ellos, ellas	den	vayan	sean	hayan	estén	sepan