Chapters Last updated Mar 10, 2021 Save as PDF Licensing Front Matter Page ID37767 Walter Ott and Alex DunnUniversity of Virginia ( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) 1.1: Background to Modern Philosophy1.2: René Descartes (1596–1650)1.3: Baruch Spinoza (1632–1677)1.4: John Locke’s (1632–1704) Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689)1.5: George Berkeley (1685–1753)1.6: David Hume’s (1711–1776) Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding1.7: Immanuel Kant (1724–1804)