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10.2: Los mandatos formales- afirmativos y negativos

Last updated

Apr 10, 2025
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- 10.1: Vocabulario- La vivienda
- 10.2.1: Práctica- Los mandatos formales- afirmativos y negativos

M. Barrio De Mendoza, K Gutiérrez, H.Ho, C. Lin, & A Stere Lugo
ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative

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Formal affirmative and negative commands

Formal commands are used to give an order to someone who you would address formally, such as "usted" or "ustedes".

Follow the steps below to form the "usted" and "ustedes commands".

Conjugate the verb in the yo form in the present tense of the indicative mood.
Drop the final “-o”.
Add new endings. (For "-ar" verbs, add “-e” and “-en”. For "-er" and "-ir" verbs, add “-a” and “-an”.)

Review the examples below. Note that all the conjugation endings are in bold.

Infinitive	Present tense Yo form	Stem (raíz)	Ud. command	Uds. command
estudiar	estudio	estudi-	(No) estudie	(No) estudien
leer	leo	le-	(No) lea	(No) lean
abrir	abro	abr-	(No) abra	(No) abran

Infinitive

Present tense

Yo form

Stem

(raíz)

Ud. command

Uds. command

estudiar

estudio

estudi-

(No) estudie

(No) estudien

leer

leo

le-

(No) lea

(No) lean

abrir

abro

abr-

(No) abra

(No) abran

Stem-changing verbs

Stem change with "usted" and "ustedes" commands

Subject	Stem change (e → ie)	Stem change (o →ue)	Stem change (e → i)
Usted	Cierre la puerta.	No vuelva tarde.	Sirva la comida.
Ustedes	No empiecen el trabajo.	Cuenten los números de 0 al 30.	Repitan, por favor.

Verbs with an irregular "yo" form in the present tense

Verbs that have irregular conjugation in the "yo" form in the present tense will take its irregular stem in the command forms. Some verbs include "hacer", "tener", "poner", "traer", "salir", "decir", "venir", "oír", "conocer", "ofrecer", "conducir", and "producir". Here are some examples:

Pongan sus libros en la mesa. (Put your books on the table.)
Venga a las dos de la tarde. (Come at 2 in the afternoon.)
Conduzca lentamente. (Drive slowly.)
Traigan bebidas para el viaje. (Bring drinks for the trip.)

Verbs ending in "-car", "-gar", "-zar"

Verbs that end in "-car", "-gar", "-zar" have spelling change in the command form. Review the following chart. Note that spelling changes are noted in bold.

Infinitive ending in:	Present tense Yo form	Spelling change	"Usted" and "ustedes" commands
-car sacar, secar, colocar, pescar, tocar, destacar, atacar	marcar → marco	c changes to qu marc → marqu	Marque, marquen la fecha.
-gar jugar, regar, pegar, pagar, agregar, apagar, colgar, entregar	llegar → llego	g changes to gu lleg → llegu	Llegue, Lleguen a tiempo.
-zar abrazar, almorzar, cruzar, comenzar, rezar, danzar	empezar → empiezo	z changes to c empiez → empiec	Empiece, empiecen a leer.

Infinitive ending in:

Present tense

Yo form

Spelling change

"Usted" and "ustedes" commands

-car

sacar, secar, colocar, pescar, tocar, destacar, atacar

marcar → marco

c changes to qu

marc → marqu

Marque, marquen la fecha.

-gar

jugar, regar, pegar, pagar, agregar, apagar, colgar, entregar

llegar → llego

g changes to gu

lleg → llegu

Llegue, Lleguen a tiempo.

-zar

abrazar, almorzar, cruzar, comenzar, rezar, danzar

empezar → empiezo

z changes to c

empiez → empiec

Empiece, empiecen a leer.

Irregular verbs in formal commands

The following six verbs are conjugated irregularly. The acronym D.I.S.H.E.S. are used to remember these six verbs.

Infinitive	"Usted" command	"Ustedes" command
dar	dé	den
ir	vaya	vayan
saber	sepa	sepan
haber	haya	hayan
estar	esté	estén
ser	sea	sean

Affirmative commands

In the affirmative command, the direct, indirect, reflexive or double pronouns are always attached to the end of the verb. In the examples below, the pronoun placement is in bold.

Despiértense temprano.
Léanlo con atención.
Díganmela.
Levántese, por favor.

¡Ojo! When the command has two or more syllables, the written accent is needed when attaching pronouns to preserve the original stress of the verb. The accent mark goes on the second to last syllable of the command (do not count the pronouns), as noted in bold in the examples below.

Entréguenmela.
Muéstrenmelos.
Pídaselo.
Siéntese, por favor.

Negative commands

In negative commands, place the word "no" before the verb.

In negative commands, the direct, indirect, reflexive or double pronouns are placed after the negative word "no" and before the verb, as indicated in bold in the examples below.

No se despierten temprano.
No lo lean rápidamente.
No me la digan ahora.
No se levante, por favor.

For a more formal tone, "usted" and "ustedes" is added after the command verb.

Siga usted estas instrucciones del médico.
Hablen ustedes conmigo después de la reunión.