2.39: Lição 20
- Page ID
- 55168
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Lição 20 presents:
- the formation and usage of the subjunctive in adjective clauses
- the use of the construction quem… dera to express fervent wishes and
- new vocabulary.
After completing this lesson, the student will be able to:
- use the subjunctive tense in adjective clauses.
- use quem… dera to express desires.
Grammar – Gramática
The subjunctive in adjective clauses – O subjuntivo em orações adjetivas
The subjunctive is used in adjective clauses following an indefinite antecedent (one not identified in the speaker’s mind).
| Procuro um homem que saiba falar chinês. | [I’m looking for a man (any man) who knows how to speak Chinese.] |
| Queremos visitar um zoológico que seja interessante. | [We want to visit a zoo (any zoo) that is interesting.] |
| BUT | |
| Conheço um homem que sabe falar chinês. | [I know a man (a certain man) who knows how to speak English.] |
| Visitei um zoológico que era interessante. | [I visited a zoo (a certain zoo) that was interesting.] |
The subjunctive is used in adjective clauses following a negative or non-existent antecedent.
| Não conheço ninguém que queira fazer isso. | [I don’t know anyone who wants to do that.] |
| Não vemos nada que custe menos de dez dólares. | [We don’t see anything that costs less than ten dollars.] |
| BUT | |
| Conheço alguém que quer fazer isso. | [I know someone who wants to do that.] |
| Vejo alguma coisa que custa menos de dez dólares. | [I see something that costs less than ten dollars.] |
The subjunctive is used in adjective clauses introduced by whoever, whatever, however (no matter how) much, however (no matter how) little.
| Quem quer que seja, diga-lhe que espere. | [Whoever it is, tell him/her to wait.] |
| Qualquer coisa que façam, fazem bem. | [Whatever they do, they do it well.] |
| Por muito que tenha que fazer, sempre faz sem queixar-se. | [No matter how much he/she has to do, he/she always does it without complaining.] |
| Por menos que ela trabalhe, sempre tem dinheiro. | [No matter how little she works, she always has money.] |
20.1 Practice- Prática
20.1 A. Responda às seguintes perguntas, usando nenhum, –a ou ninguém na sua resposta.
Há alguma pessoa aqui que dirija bem? Não. Não há nenhuma pessoa aqui que dirija bem.
1. Você vê alguma pessoa que possa ajudá-lo?
2. Vocês conhecem alguém que queira comprar um violão?
3. Há alguém aqui que saiba escrever em francês?
4. Sua irmã quer encontrar um apartamento que fique no centro?
5. Você quer escolher um presente que custe muito?
6. Marina procura um emprego que dê dor de cabeça?
The more/less… the more/less – Quanto mais/menos… mais/menos
These correlatives require a change in word order in Portuguese just as they do in English. The examples below illustrate the correct sequences:
| Quanto mais você dorme, mais quer dormir. | [The more you sleep, the more you want to sleep.] |
| Quanto menos exercício faz, mais irritado fica. | [The less exercise you get, the more irritated you become.] |
| Quanto melhor o vinho, mais caro custa. | [The better the wine, the more expensive it is.] |
| Quanto mais rápido você dirige, mais perigo corre. | [The faster you drive, the greater the danger.] |
20.2 Practice- Prática
20.2 A. Junte as orações seguintes usando a construção quanto mais… menos.
Eu falo. Ele presta atenção.
Quanto mais eu falo, menos atenção ele presta.
1. Você toma café. Você tem sono.
2. As lições são fáceis. André tem dificuldade.
3. Elói se esforça. Ele consegue lembrar.
4. Eliane viaja. Gosta de ficar em casa.
5. Temos trabalho para fazer. Podemos ver televisão.
6. Há feriados. Ganhamos dinheiro.
Quem… dera!
To express a fervent wish, it is very common in Portuguese to use the following construction:
| Quem + indirect object pronoun + dera + infinitive! |
| Quem me dera não ter tantas dívidas! | [How I wish I wasn’t so in debt.] |
| Quem me dera poder passar um ano viajando! | [Oh, how I’d love to be able to spend a year traveling!] |
| Quem nos dera ter menos provinhas! | [We sure would like to have fewer quizzes.] |
20.3 Practice- Prática
20.3 A. Reescreva orações do tipo quem… dera! para expressar as seguintes ideias.
Não ganho bastante para poder comprar um Mercedes.
Quem me dera ganhar bastante para poder comprar um Mercedes!
1. Não festejamos muitos êxitos hoje em dia.
2. Não posso viajar frequentemente.
3. Não consigo entender isto.
4. Não estou na praia agora.
5. Não sabemos falar português.
Vocabulary – Vocabulário
- a bacalhoada [codfish dinner]
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- a batida [alcoholic fruit drink]
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- o bife [steak]
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- bem passado [well done]
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- mal passado [rare]
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- no ponto [medium]
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- a cachaça [sugar cane liquor]
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- o caldo verde [potato and kale soup]
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- a canja [chicken soup with rice]
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- o cardápio [menu]
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- o chope [tap beer]
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- o churrasco [barbecue]
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- diverso, -a [diverse, various]
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- a escolha [choice]
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- a feijoada [black bean stew]
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- a gorjeta [tip, gratuity]
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- o menu [menu]
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- picante [hot and spicy]
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- o prato [dish, plate]
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- razoavelmente [reasonably]
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- ruim [bad]
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- típico, -a [typical]
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Verbs – Verbos
- adoecer [to become ill]
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- demorar [to take a long time]
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- despedir-se (de) (despeço-me) [to say goodbye]
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- escolher [to choose]
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- experimentar [to try, taste; try on; experiment]
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- festejar [to celebrate]
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- provar [to try, taste; try on; prove]
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- tentar [to try, attempt]
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Expressions – Expressões
- por mais/menos que (+ subj.) [no matter how much/little]
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- por muito/pouco que (+ subj.) [no matter how much/little]
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- O que há de novo? [What’s new?]
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- Quais são as novidades? [What’s new?]
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- Tudo bem! [Everything’s great!]
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- Tudo velho! [Not much!]
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20.4 Practice – Prática
Query \(\PageIndex{20.4 A.}\)
20.4 B. Escreva em português.
1. There is no language that I don’t understand.
2. Don’t you see anything that you like?
3. I don’t have any friends who like to party.
4. We are looking for someone who has a lot of patience.
5. I know a restaurant that serves typical Brazilian dishes.
6. We don’t know anybody who doesn’t like barbecue.