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2.37: Lição 19

  • Page ID
    55167
    • Severino J. Albuquerque, Mary H. Schil, & Claude E. Leroy
    • UW-Madison
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    Lesson Objectives- Objetivos da Lição

    Lição 19 presents:

    • the formation and usage of the past perfect tense (o mais-que-perfeito),
    • prepositions used with modes of travel and transportation,
    • uses of mesmo,
    • the verb ficar, and
    • family.

    After completing this lesson, the student will be able to:

    • recognize and produce forms of verbs in the past perfect tense.
    • juxtapose two past events in time.
    • to explain modes of travel.
    • introduce family members.

    Grammar- Gramática

    Past perfect (pluperfect) tense – O mais-que-perfeito

    This tense has two forms, the compound and the simple.

    The compound form is used in conversational Portuguese. It is composed of the imperfect tense of the auxiliary verb ter plus the invariable past participle of the principal verb.

    falar
    eu tinha falado nós tínhamos falado [I had spoken] [We had spoken]
    você, ele, ela tinha falado vocês, eles, elas tinham falado [You, he, she had spoken] [You (plural), they had spoken]
    ver
    eu tinha visto nós tínhamos visto [I had seen] [We had seen]
    você, ele, ela tinha visto vocês, eles, elas tinham visto [You, he, she had seen] [You (plural), they had seen]

    The imperfect tense of the auxiliary verb haver is also used, but primarily in written Portuguese. Bear in mind that this is seldom used in conversational Portuguese.

    eu havia falado nós havíamos falado [I had spoken] [We had spoken]
    você, ele, ela havia falado vocês, eles, elas haviam falado [You, he, she had spoken] [You (plural), they had spoken]

    The simple form of the past perfect is used in literary Portuguese, very seldom in conversation. Its stem is the third person plural of the preterite, from which the ending –ram has been removed. The following endings are then attached to the stem:

    falar = falaram
    eu falara nós faláramos [I had spoken] [We had spoken]
    você, ele, ela falara vocês, eles, elas falaram [You, he, she had spoken] [You (plural), they had spoken]
    trazer = trouxeram
    eu trouxera nós trouxéramos [I had brought] [We had brought]
    você, ele, ela, trouxera vocês, eles, elas trouxeram [You, he, she had brought] [You (plural), they had brought]

    The first person plural of the simple past perfect bears an acute accent (´) on

    (1) verbs of the first (-AR) and third conjugations (-IR), and (2) on all irregular verbs of the second conjugation:

    1. telefonáramos; abríramos; etc.
    2. disséramos; tivéramos; etc.

    The first person plural of regular verbs of the second conjugation (-ER) and of ser and ir bears a circumflex accent (^):

    comêramos; fôramos; etc.

    The past perfect tense is used to describe an action that was already completed when another past action took place.

    Ivan já tinha partido quando eu cheguei. [Ivan had already left when I arrived.]
    Quando vocês apareceram, nós ainda não tínhamos jantado. [When you showed up, we still hadn’t had dinner.]

    Object and reflexive pronouns precede the auxiliary verb of the past perfect tense in negative and interrogative sentences, dependent clauses, and when an adverb is present.

    Ninguém me tinha dito nada. [No one had told me anything.]
    Eu não sabia que ela os tinha visto. [I didn’t know that she had seen them.]
    Quem lhe tinha dado a notícia? [Who had told you the news?]
    Nós a tínhamos visitado antes. [We had visited her before.]

    In colloquial Brazilian Portuguese these pronouns are often placed between the auxiliary verb and the past participle.

    Eu ainda não tinha me deitado. [I hadn’t gone to bed yet.]
    19.1 Pratice- Prática

    Query \(\PageIndex{19.1 A.}\)

    Query \(\PageIndex{19.1 B.}\)

    Prepositions used with modes of travel and transportation – Preposições com modos de viajar e de transporte

    The preposition de is used with mechanical and motorized means of transportation:

    ir/vir/andar/viajar
    de carro [by car]
    de avião [by airplane]
    de navio [by boat]
    de ônibus [by bus]
    de trem [by train]
    de bicicleta [by bicycle]

    The preposition a is used when expressing locomotion by other means:

    ir/vir/andar/passear
    a [on foot]
    a cavalo [by horse, on horseback]
    19.2 Pratice- Prática

    Query \(\PageIndex{19.2 A.}\)

    Uses of mesmo – Usos de mesmo

    As an adjective mesmo means same and agrees in number and gender with the noun it modifies:

    Ele está usando a mesma camisa outra vez! [He is wearing the same shirt again!]
    Tinham os mesmos problemas que nós. [They had the same problems we did.]

    As a noun or personal pronoun intensifier, mesmo means oneself, by oneself, or all alone, and agrees with its antecedent.

    Aninha mesma fez o bolo! [Aninha made the cake all by herself.]
    O pedido foi feito por eles mesmos. [The order was placed by them and them alone.]
    Eu mesmo paguei o aluguel. [I myself paid the rent.]

    As an adverb, mesmo means really and is invariable.

    Você quer mesmo casar-se com esse rapaz? [Do you really want to marry that young man?]
    Telma fez um regime e agora está magra mesmo. [Telma went on a diet and now she is really thin.]

    Mesmo que is a conjunction that means even if/even though, and it is always followed by a form of the subjunctive (present or past, depending on context).

    Vamos fazer um piquenique mesmo que chova. [We are going to have a picnic even if it rains.]

    Meanings of ficar – Significados de ficar

    You have no doubt noticed that ficar is one of the more common verbs in Portuguese. The diverse meanings of this verb are:

    [To stay, to remain]
    No verão passado, fiquei no Hotel Nacional do Rio. [Last year, I stayed at the Rio National Hotel.]
    Não ficou nada no refrigerador. [There wasn’t anything left in the refrigerator.]
    [to get, to become]
    Ele ficou com frio enquanto assistia o jogo. [He got cold while he was watching the game.]
    Eles vão ficar ricos em pouco tempo. [They are going to get rich in a short time.]
    [to be (permanent location)]
    O estádio fica perto da lagoa. [The stadium is near the lagoon.]
    Onde fica Uberaba? [Where is Uberaba?]
    19.3 Practice- Prática

    19.3 A. Responda às seguintes perguntas usando em suas respostas o verbo FICAR:

    1. Onde é o Hotel Glória?
    2. O banco é longe do centro?
    3. Onde é o Pão de Açúcar?
    4. Onde é Luanda?
    5. O jogo é hoje?
    6. O que acontece ao professor quando vocês respondem em espanhol?
    7. O que acontece quando você não come por doze horas?
    8. Você comprou aquela calça preta?
    9. O que aconteceu em 1776? E em 1822?
    10. Você acha que um convidado deve chegar duas horas atrasado?

    Vocabulary – Vocabulário

    A família – Family

    • o pai [father]

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    • a mãe [mother]

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    • os pais [parents]

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    • o/a filho, -a [child; son, daughter]

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    • o irmão [brother]

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    • a irmã [sister]

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    • o/a tio, -a [uncle, aunt]

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    • o avô [grandfather]

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    • a avó [grandmother]

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    • os avós [grandparents]

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    • o/a neto, -a [grandchild; grandson, granddaughter]

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    • o/a primo, -a [cousin]

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    • o/a sobrinho, -a [nephew, niece]

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    • o marido [husband]

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    • a esposa, a mulher [wife]

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    • o/a sogro, -a [father-in-law, mother-in-law]

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    • o genro [son-in-law]

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    • a nora [daughter-in-law]

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    • o/a cunhado, -a [brother-in-law, sister-in-law]

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    • o/a parente [relative]

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    19.4 Pratice- Prática

    Query \(\PageIndex{19.4 A.}\)

    Additional Vocabulary – Vocalulário adicional

    • o apelido[nickname]

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    • atrasado, -a [late, delayed]

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    • a avenida[avenue]

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    • o barulho[noise]

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    • a calçada [sidewalk]

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    • o cruzamento [intersection]

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    • a direita[right]

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    • o engarrafamento [traffic jam]

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    • a esquerda [left]

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    • a esquina[corner]

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    • o estacionamento[parking lot]

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    • a estrada [road, highway]

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    • frustrado, -a [frustrated]

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    • 0 guarda [traffic officer; security guard]

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    • incrível [incredible]

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    • irritado, -a [irritated]

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    • a multa [fine; traffic ticket]

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    • a oportunidade [opportunity]

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    • a parada de ônibus/táxi [bus stop/taxi stand]

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    • 0 ponto de ônibus/táxi [bus stop/taxi stand]

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    • a poluição[pollution]

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    • a quadra [block]

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    • a rua [street]

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    • o sinal [traffic signal]

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    • o sinal aberto[green light]

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    • o sinal fechado [red light]

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    • o sobrenome[last name, surname]

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    • o tráfego [traffic]

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    • o trânsito [transit, traffic]

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    • urbano, -a [urban]

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    Verbs – Verbos

    • atravessar [to cross]

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    • conseguir (consigo) [to manage, get]

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    • dobrar [to turn; fold]

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    • empurrar[to push]

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    • estacionar [to park]

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    • mudar[to move; change]

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    • parar [to stop]

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    • puxar[to pull]

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    • seguir (sigo) [to follow]

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    • virar [to turn]

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    Expressions – Expressões

    • Ficar por conta[to get very angry]

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    • Fica por isso mesmo! [Let it go at that!]

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    • Fico com (esta camiseta). [I’ll take (this T-shirt).]

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    • Não fica bem. [This is not proper. That’s not cool. That’s not right.]

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    • Agora mesmo [right now]

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    • Aqui mesmo [right here]

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    • Isso mesmo![That’s it!]

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    • Siga em frente! [Go straight ahead!]

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    • Vire/dobre à direita (esquerda)! [Go/turn to the right (left)!]

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    19.5 Practice – Prática

    19.5 A. Escreva em português:

    1. Do you really think this is proper?
    2. Did you do that all by yourself, Zezinho?
    3. We went by bus but came back on foot.
    4. He gave me the same answer last week.
    5. The same relatives always do the work when we get together.
    6. Alberto got very angry when he got a ticket.
    7. Turn left right here.
    8. The bus stop is right before the next corner.
    9. They had never heard that samba before.
    10. When I got to the theater, the movie had already started.

    19.5 B. Responda às seguintes perguntas usando as expressões sugeridas. Nas suas respostas você deve escolher entre o indicativo e o subjuntivo.

    Teresa vai ao cinema mais tarde. O que é provável?
    – É provável que Teresa vá ao cinema mais tarde.

    1. Vocês sabem nadar. O que é preciso?
    2. O Mário diz a verdade. O que você acha?
    3. A Cleide traz a comida para a mesa. O que a mãe dela pede?
    4. Nós temos que trabalhar muito. O que é pena?
    5. Eles estão doentes. O que não é certo?
    6. Todos nós vamos embora agora mesmo. O que não é possível?
    7. O garçom serve a salada depois do prato principal. O que é preferível?
    8. Eu ainda sei o nome delas. O que é interessante?
    9. Vocês querem ganhar um dinheirão. O que é bom?
    10. Nós chegamos cedo. O que é necessário?
    11. Você segue um caminho diferente. O que é curioso?
    12. Você é inteligente e tem notas ruins neste curso. O que é totalmente impossível?
    13. Eu dou os cheques para o general. O que é absolutamente desnecessário?
    14. Tudo está certo. O que você crê? O que você não crê?
    15. O apelido dele é Tuca. O que você sabe?


    This page titled 2.37: Lição 19 is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Severino J. Albuquerque, Mary H. Schil, & Claude E. Leroy.

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