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2.33: Lição 17

  • Page ID
    55163
    • Severino J. Albuquerque, Mary H. Schil, & Claude E. Leroy
    • UW-Madison
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    Lesson Objectives- Objetivos da Lição

    Lição 17 presents:

    • time expressions with fazer,
    • the verb haver and
    • new vocabulary.

    After completing this lesson, the student will be able to:

    • use the verbs fazer and haver to express how long they have been doing an activity.

    Grammar – Gramática

    Time expressions with fazer or haver – Expressões de tempo com fazer ou haver

    In English we use the present perfect tense in either its simple or progressive form to express an action which began in the past and still continues in the present. Thus we say:

    They have lived here for ten years. OR
    They have been living here for ten years.

    To put this same idea into Portuguese it is necessary to use one of the following two ways:

    Faz (or ) + time expression + que + present or present progressive tense of main verb:

    Faz um ano que ele mora aqui. [He has lived (been living) here for a year.]
    um ano que ele mora aqui.
    Faz dez dias que estamos estudando para os exames. [We have been studying ten days for our exams.]
    dez dias que estamos estudando para os exames.

    Present or present progressive tense of main verb + faz (or ) + time expression:

    Ele mora aqui faz um ano. [He has lived (been living) here for a year.]
    Ele mora aqui um ano.
    Estou estudando francês faz nove meses. [I’ve been studying French for nine months.]
    Estou estudando francês nove meses.
    17.1 Practice – Prática

    17.1 A. Responda às seguintes perguntas usando as sugestões à direita:

    Quantos meses faz que você está nesta cidade? Três meses
    – Faz três meses que estou nesta cidade.

    1. Quanto tempo faz que seu pai está viajando? 15 dias
    2. Quantos anos faz que sua família mora nesta casa? Oito anos
    3. Quanto tempo faz que ela está no supermercado? 45 minutos
    4. Quanto tempo há que você não vai ao dentista? 6 semanas
    5. Há quantas horas eles estão ensaiando essa canção? Duas horas
    6. Há quantos meses vocês comem nesse restaurante? Cinco meses

    Similarly, in English we use the progressive form of the past perfect tense to express an action in the past which was going on when another action occurred. A phrase stating length of time is often included in such constructions.

    I had been waiting for a long time when they finally arrived.

    To express this same idea in Portuguese, the imperfect tense is used for the action which was in progress, and the imperfect of haver or fazer is used in the time expression. The example above may be rendered into Portuguese as follows:

    Fazia/Havia muito tempo que eu estava esperando/esperava quando finalmente chegaram.
    Quando finalmente chegaram, eu estava esperando/esperava fazia/havia muito tempo.
    17.2 Practice – Prática

    17.2 A. Reescreva as orações seguintes de acordo com o modelo:

    Faz dois dias que ela não come. Fazia dois dias que ela não comia.

    1. Faz dois anos que não o vejo.
    2. Faz dez minutos que o garçom está esperando.
    3. Faz muito tempo que não recebemos notícias dos pais.
    4. Há pouco tempo que as visitas descansam.
    5. Há oito dias que está fazendo um tempo muito mau.
    6. Há mais de um mês que chove todos os dias.

    17.2 B. Responda às seguintes perguntas com uma sentença completa, usando o imperfeito dos verbos dados à direita:

    O que Josenilton fazia quando eu cheguei? Ouvir o rádio
    – Josenilton ouvia o rádio quando eu cheguei.

    O que ela estava fazendo quando o telefone tocou? Tomar café
    – Ela estava tomando café quando o telefone tocou.

    1. O que ele fazia quando nós entramos? Falar com sua irmã
    2. O que vocês faziam quando o pai chegou? Tomar chá
    3. O que Paulo fazia quando o jornalista lhe fez a pergunta? Ler uma revista
    4. O que a Cecília estava fazendo quando as enfermeiras entraram na sala? Escrever uma receita
    5. O que você estava fazendo quando o seu amigo apareceu? Preparar o jantar
    6. O que vocês faziam quando a campainha tocou? Assistir o jogo na TV

    In all other cases where the action of the main verb is past or completed, one should use the preterite tense in Portuguese to translate the English present perfect:

    Você já leu o livro? [Have you already read the book?]
    Nunca vimos esse filme. [We’ve never seen that film.]
    Ainda não paguei o aluguel. [I haven’t paid the rent yet.]
    17.3 Practice – Prática

    17.3 A. Responda às seguintes perguntas nas formas afirmativa e negativa, de acordo com o modelo:

    O professor já explicou a gramática?
    – Explicou. 0 professor já explicou a gramática.
    – Não explicou. 0 professor ainda não explicou a gramática.

    1. Você e Paulo já viram aquele filme?
    2. Você já levou o livro para a biblioteca?
    3. Renan já se acostumou a viver no campo?
    4. O senhor Alencar já trouxe o pacote?
    5. Todos já ouviram a nova fita?
    6. Vocês já ganharam um prêmio de loteria?

    The use of haver in impersonal constructions – O uso de haver em construções impessoais.

    As an impersonal verb, haver expresses the English there + to be (there is/there are).

    HAVER
    Presente do Indicativo [there is, there are]
    Pretérito Perfeito houve [there was, there were]
    Pretérito Imperfeito havia [there was, there were]
    Futuro do Indicativo haverá [there will be]
    Condicional do Indicativo haveria [there would be]
    Presente do Subjuntivo haja [there may be, there is/are]
    Gerúndio havendo [there is, are]
    uma mosca na minha sopa. [There is a fly in my soup.]
    provinhas demais neste curso. [There are too many quizzes in this course.]
    Havia muito para fazer. [There was much to be done.]
    Haverá um concerto amanhã. [There will be a concert tomorrow.]
    Espero que haja um bom filme no centro. [I hope that there is a good movie downtown.]

    Keep in mind that in Brazilian Portuguese it is common to substitute the third person singular forms of ter for those of haver.

    17.4 Practice – Prática

    Query \(\PageIndex{17.4 A.}\)

    When the main verb is in a past tense, the invariable form (or faz in Brazilian Portuguese) when placed before an expression of time means ago.

    Chegamos há dois dias. [We arrived two days ago.]
    Eu o vi há uma semana. [I saw him a week ago.]
    A Guerra Civil foi há mais de um século. [The Civil War took place more than a century ago.]
    17.5 Practice – Prática

    17.5 A. Responda às seguintes perguntas usando as sugestões à direita:

    Quando é que ele chegou? Uma semana
    – Ele chegou há uma semana.

    1. Quando é que você entregou a pintura? Três dias
    2. Quando vocês fizeram ginástica? Duas horas
    3. Quando as crianças ganharam os balões? 25 minutos
    4. Quando foi que ele viu os seus amigos? Vários dias
    5. Quando é que nós começamos a pintar a casa? Muito tempo

    Vocabulary – Vocabulário

    • a aposta [bet, wager]

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    • o azar[bad luck]

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    • o balão (-ões) [balloon]

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    • o baralho[deck of cards]

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    • a bola [ball]

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    • a brincadeira[practical joke]

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    • o brinquedo [toy]

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    • a campainha [bell]

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    • a conferência [lecture]

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    • consequentemente [consequently]

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    • cuidadosamente [carefully]

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    • o/a enfermeiro, -a [nurse]

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    • estranho, -a [strange]

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    • o exame[exam]

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    • a figa [talisman, good-luck charm]

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    • a guerra[war]

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    • a loteria [lottery]

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    • a mosca [fly]

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    • o pacote [package]

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    • a paz[peace]

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    • a piada [joke]

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    • a pintura [painting]

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    • o prêmio [prize]

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    • a promessa [promise]

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    • a provinha [quiz]

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    • o silêncio [silence]

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    • a sorte[luck]

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    • a vizinhança [neighborhood]

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    • o xadrez[chess]

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    Verbs – Verbos

    • acostumar-se (a) [to get used to]

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    • estar acostumado/a a [to be used to]

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    • adivinhar [to guess]

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    • apostar [to bet]

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    • fazer uma aposta [to place a bet]

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    • confessar [to confess, admit]

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    • ensaiar [to practice, rehearse]

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    • esforçar-se (para + inf.) [to make an effort, try]

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    • interessar-se (em) [to be interested (in)]

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    • prometer[to promise]

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    • ter/estar com azar [to be unlucky]

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    • ter/estar com sorte [to be lucky]

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    Expressions – Expressões

    • até agora [by now; so far]

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    • ao contrário [on the contrary]

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    • de novo[again]

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    • acabar de (+ inf.) [to have just …]

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    • Cadê …? [Where is/are …?]

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    • um pouco de [a little (of)]

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    • um montão de [a lot of]

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    • um pedaço de [a piece of]

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    • uma porção de [a number of]

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    17.6 Practice – Prática

    17.6 A. Escreva em português:

    1. How long has David been studying Portuguese?
    – He began four years ago.
    2. My parents have lived in that house for ten years.
    3. I have never studied a foreign language.
    4. Has Gilberto been waiting for a long time?
    – Yes, he has been here for more than an hour.
    5. Have you ever been to South America?
    6. My sister left home three months ago, and we don’t know where she is.
    7. We haven’t played cards in years!
    8. I talked to the nurses a little while ago.
    9. They have just bought a famous painting.
    10. Where are my keys?
    – Haven’t you found them yet?!

    17.7 Review of the Subjunctive and the Preterite versus the Imperfect – Revisão do Subjuntivo e do Pretérito versus o Imperfeito

    17.7 A. Reescreva cada sentença, começando com: É preciso que…

    João vai embora. É preciso que João vá embora.

    1. Eu me esforço para aprender a jogar xadrez.
    2. Nós nos lembramos do endereço dela.
    3. Há silêncio durante o concerto.
    4. Nós tentamos compreendê-lo.
    5. O professor corrige as provinhas cuidadosamente.


    This page titled 2.33: Lição 17 is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Severino J. Albuquerque, Mary H. Schil, & Claude E. Leroy.

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