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2.31: Lição 16

  • Page ID
    55160
    • Severino J. Albuquerque, Mary H. Schil, & Claude E. Leroy
    • UW-Madison

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    Learning Objectives- Objetivos da Lição

    Lição 16 presents:

    • past participle,
    • the passive voice,
    • exclamations with como and que,
    • the formation of adverbs of manner and
    • additional vocabulary.

    After completing this lesson, the student will be able to:

    • recognize and produce the participle forms of both regular and irregular verbs and
    • employ them in transforming sentences from active to passive voice.
    • form adverbs from adjectives.

    Grammar – Gramática

    Formation of the past participle – A formação do particípio passado

    The past participle in Portuguese is formed by: dropping the –ar from the infinitives of the first conjugation and adding –ado to the stem or dropping the –er from verbs of the second conjugation and the –ir from verbs of the third conjugation and adding –ido to the stem.

    falar = falado [spoken]
    pronunciar = pronunciado [pronounced]
    comer = comido [eaten]
    ler = lido [read]
    sair = saído [left, gone out]
    ir = ido [gone]

    However, there are a number of verbs which have both regular and irregular past participles. The irregular form is used after ser and estar. Either the regular or the irregular participle can be used with the auxiliary verbs ter and haver. The following list includes the most commonly used irregular past participles. In the cases where both a regular and irregular forms are given, it is the irregular one which is most often used.

    abrir = aberto [opened]
    aceitar = aceitado, aceito [accepted]
    acender = acendido, aceso [lit, on]
    des(cobrir) = (des)coberto [(dis)covered]
    dizer = dito [said, told]
    eleger = elegido, eleito [elected]
    entregar = entregado, entregue [turned in, handed in, delivered]
    escrever = escrito [written]
    fazer = feito [done]
    ganhar = ganhado, ganho [earned, won, received]
    gastar = gastado, gasto [spent]
    pagar = pagado, pago [paid]
    pôr = posto [put, placed]
    prender = prendido, preso [arrested, captured, pulled back]
    soltar = soltado, solto [freed, let go]
    ver = visto [seen]
    vir = vindo [come]
    16.1 Practice – Prática

    Query \(\PageIndex{16.1 A.}\)

    Query \(\PageIndex{16.1 B.}\)

    Passive voice – A voz passiva

    The passive voice in Portuguese is formed by using a form of the verb ser followed by the past participle of the principal verb. This past participle acts as an adjective, and as such must agree in gender and number with the subject. In the passive voice the agent is either expressed or understood. When the agent is expressed, it is preceded by the preposition por.

    The following examples compare active and passive constructions:

    Active Voice Passive Voice
    Os pais amam o filho. [The parents love their son.] O filho é amado pelos pais. [The son is loved by his parents.]
    O carpinteiro fez a mesa. [The carpenter made the table.] A mesa foi feita pelo carpinteiro. [The table was made by the carpenter.]
    Eles escreverão os exercícios [They will write the exercises.] Os exercícios serão escritos por eles. [The exercises will be written by them.]
    16.2 Practice – Prática

    16.2 A. Repita as seguintes orações no plural de acordo com o modelo:

    A casa foi vendida pelo dono.
    As casas foram vendidas pelo dono.

    1. A batalha foi ganha pelo exército português.
    2. A conta será paga pela gerente.
    3. A porta é feita pelo carpinteiro.
    4. A janela será aberta por mim.
    5. O aniversário foi comemorado em junho.

    16.2 B. Escreva na voz passiva:

    O garçom acende as velas.
    As velas são acesas pelo garçom.

    1. A moça não recebeu a carta.
    2. Nosso time ganhou o jogo.
    3. Meu pai pagará todas as contas.
    4. A menina pôs as frutas na mesa.
    5. Nós lemos os postais com muito cuidado.
    6. Eu trago o lanche todos os dias.
    7. A médica corrigirá o problema.
    8. Mariana tirou muitas fotos na Europa.

    16.2 C. Passe para a voz ativa de acordo com o exemplo:

    O livro foi lido por Paulo.
    Paulo leu o livro.

    1. As flores são entregues pelo empregado.
    2. A refeição foi preparada por meu namorado.
    3. As melhores sugestões sempre são dadas por você.
    4. A obra será apresentada ao presidente pelo diretor do museu.
    5. Os endereços foram escritos por mim.
    6. Os senadores são eleitos pelo povo.
    7. O criminoso foi preso pela polícia.
    8. A idade do professor foi descoberta pelos alunos.

    Passive constructions with se- Construções passivas com se

    When the subject of the passive voice is present, and the agent is not identifiable, the impersonal form of the verb is used. Although the subject follows the verb in this construction, the verb must agree in number with the subject:

    Fala-se português aqui. [Portuguese is spoken here.]
    Ouvem-se vozes no corredor. [Voices are heard in the corridor.]
    Não se vende cerveja nessa loja. [Beer is not sold in that store.]
    Compram-se livros e discos usados. [Used books and records are purchased here.]

    Impersonal expressions with se – Expressões impessoais com se

    To express the impersonal English subjects one, you or they, the third person singular of the verb is used with se.

    Pode-se ir por aqui. [One can go this way.]
    Como se vai à biblioteca? [How does one get to the library?]
    Segue-se por esta rua. [You continue down this street.]
    Diz-se que é muito difícil. [They say that it’s very difficult.]

    The above construction is equivalent to the use of a gente with a third person singular verb.

    Come-se bem naquele restaurante. [One eats well in that restaurant.]
    A gente come bem naquele restaurante.
    16.3 Practice – Prática

    16.3 A. Responda usando construções com se. Use as informações à direita na sua resposta.

    O que é que se vê ao longe? um navio
    Vê-se um navio ao longe.

    1. O que é que se fala no Brasil? português
    2. Onde é que se pode aprender português? na universidade
    3. O que é que se vê naquela galeria? obras de arte
    4. O que é que se ouvia lá fora? muitas vozes
    5. Quando é que se abriram as portas? às oito da manhã
    6. O que é que se vendia naquela loja? roupa para homens
    7. Como é que se chega no centro? por essa avenida
    8. A que horas se toma o café da manhã? às sete e trinta

    Exclamations with como and que – Exclamações com como e que

    Both como and que can be used in an exclamation which begins with an adjective or adverb:

    Use que with an adjective when no verb is present:

    Que maravilhoso! [How marvelous!]
    Que interessante! [How interesting!]

    Use como with standard Portuguese word order when a verb is present:

    Como ele canta bem! [How well he sings!]
    Como ela corre depressa! [How quickly she runs!]
    Como estas aulas são chatas! [How boring these classes are!]

    Que can also precede a noun in exclamatory phrases. Notice the use of tão or mais for emphasis:

    Que ideia fantástica! [What a great idea!]
    Que crianças mais precoces! [What precocious children!]
    Que sonho eu tive! [What a dream I had!]
    Que praias tão lindas eu vi! [What beautiful beaches I saw!]
    16.4 Practice – Prática

    16.4 A. Traduza:

    1. What a big house!
    2. How ridiculous those men are!
    3. How interesting!
    4. What beautiful eyes!
    5. What a clean hotel!
    6. What a marvelous day!
    7. How well they speak Portuguese!
    8. How tired you look today!
    9. What a hot day!
    10. What dirty hands!

    Adverbs of Manner ending with -mente – Advérbios de modo que terminam em -mente

    These adverbs are formed by adding the suffix –mente to the feminine singular form of the adjective. Notice that no accentuation is needed in the adverbial form.

    certa = certamente [certainly]
    confusa = confusamente [confusedly]
    divina = divinamente [divinely]
    rápida = rapidamente [rapidly]

    The adverbial ending -mente is added directly to those adjectives having no feminine form.

    artificial = artificialmente [artificially]
    feliz = felizmente [happily]
    frequente = frequentemente [frequently]
    simples = simplesmente [simply]
    16.5 Practice – Prática

    Query \(\PageIndex{16.5 A.}\)

    Many times the construction com + noun substitutes for an adverb ending in –mente:

    com carinho = carinhosamente [affectionately]
    com frequência = frequentemente [frequently]
    com atenção = atenciosamente [considerately]

    At times a masculine singular adjective is used in place of an adverb:

    Eliana foi direto para casa. [Eliana went directly home.]
    Eles falam bem claro. [They speak very clearly.]
    Vocês andam rápido mesmo. [You really walk fast.]

    Vocabulary – Vocabulário

    • a batalha [battle]

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    • 0 carinho [affection]

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    • o/a carpinteiro, -a [carpenter]

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    • confuso, -a [confused]

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    • contra [against]

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    • o/a dono, -a [owner]

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    • a escuridão [darkness]

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    • exausto, -a[exhausted]

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    • 0 exército [army]

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    • a idade [age]

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    • o/a invasor, -a[invader]

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    • limpo, -a [clean]

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    • a luz [light]

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    • a obra (de arte) [work (of art)]

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    • perfeito, -a [perfect]

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    • o pesadelo[nightmare]

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    • real[real; royal]

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    • ridículo, -a [ridiculous]

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    • santo, -a [holy]

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    • a secretaria [bureau (government)]

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    • o soldado [soldier]

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    • o sonho [dream]

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    • a sugestão (-ões) [suggestion]

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    • sujo, -a [dirty]

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    • o time[team]

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    • a vitória [victory]

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    • o voto [vote]

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    Verbs – Verbos

    • acender [to light]

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    • comemorar [to celebrate, commemorate]

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    • cobrir (cubro) [to cover]

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    • corrigir (corrijo) [to correct]

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    • derrotar[to defeat]

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    • eleger (elejo)[to elect]

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    • parecer[to seem, look]

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    • prender[to arrest]

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    • sonhar (com) [to dream]

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    • tentar [to try, attempt]

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    • tirar férias [to take a vacation]

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    • tratar de[to deal with; treat]

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    • votar [to vote]

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    Expressions – Expressões

    • Ao longe [in the distance]

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    • Ou seja [or rather]

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    • Coitadinho/a! [Poor thing!]

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    • Que maravilha! [How wonderful! How beautiful!]

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    • Que pena! [What a pity!]

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    16.6 Practice – Prática

    16.6 A. Escreva em português:

    1. Your checks will not be accepted by the owner of the supermarket.
    2. One never knows what the weather will be like in April.
    3. They really tried to win the game, but they were beaten by a better team.
    4. Ana Luísa clearly needs to take a vacation. She is simply exhausted.
    5. I dreamt about my boss last night. What a nightmare!


    This page titled 2.31: Lição 16 is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Severino J. Albuquerque, Mary H. Schil, & Claude E. Leroy.

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