Skip to main content
Humanities LibreTexts

2.21: Lição 11

  • Page ID
    55149
    • Severino J. Albuquerque, Mary H. Schil, & Claude E. Leroy
    • UW-Madison
    \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

    Learning Objectives – Objetivos da Lição

    Lição 11 presents:

    • the seasons of the year,
    • expressions of time,
    • negation,
    • spelling changes in first person verbs ending in -çar and -gir/-ger, and
    • relevant vocabulary including meals.

    After completing this lesson, the student will be able to:

    • negate sentences
    • describe when actions occur using expressions of time.

    Grammar – Gramática

    The seasons of the year – As estações do ano

    • a primavera [spring]
    • o outono [autumn, fall]
    • o verão [summer]
    • o inverno [winter]

    The definite article is used with the names of the seasons.

    Na primavera vemos muitas flores [In spring we see many flowers.]
    Faz frio no inverno. [It’s cold in winter.]

    Expressing times of day – Expressando alturas do dia

    The following expressions are used to express in the morning, in the afternoon, at night (in the evening) when no definite hour has been mentioned.

    de manhã OU pela manhã [in the morning]
    Sempre estudamos pela manhã. [We always study in the morning.]
    De manhã cedo ele se levantou e foi embora. [Early in the morning he got up and left.]
    de tarde OU à tarde [in the afternoon]
    O que você vai fazer hoje à tarde? [What will you do this afternoon?]
    Ele está sempre em casa de tarde. [He’s always at home in the afternoon.]
    de noite OU à noite [at night, in the evening]
    Nunca saio à noite. [I never go out at night.]
    De noite sempre tem festa. [At night there’s always a party.]
    11.1 Practice – Prática

    11.1 A. Complete the following sentences using the seasons of the year and times of the day:

    1. Minha mãe sempre se levanta cedo _____________________________.
    2. Os meses do outono são: _____________________________.
    3. As moças queriam visitar o México _____________________________.
    4. Em Wisconsin neva muito _____________________________.
    5. Eu prefiro fazer exercício _____________________________.
    6. Normalmente nós estamos acordados __________________e dormimos___________.
    7. É típico não ter aulas _____________________________.
    8. Antes, ele estudava de noite, mas agora _____________________________.

    Negation – Negação

    Negative adverbs – Advérbios negativos

    • não [not]
    • ainda não [still not]
    • nunca [never]
    • nem [nor]
    • nem… nem [neither.. nor]
    Eu não cozinho nunca. [I never cook.]
    Nem Gil nem Leda querem dirigir. [Neither Gil nor Leda want to drive.]

    Negative adjectives – Adjetivos negativos

    • nenhum, nenhuma [no, any] *These adjectives are always singular in Brazilian Portuguese.
    Não tenho nenhum problema. [I don’t have any problems.]
    Ana não escreveu nenhuma carta. [Ana didn’t write any letters.]

    Negative pronouns – Pronomes negativos

    • nada [nothing]
    • ninguém [no one, nobody, not anyone, not anybody]
    • nenhum, nenhuma [not one, none, not any] *These pronouns are always singular in Brazilian Portuguese.
    Quantos filmes você viu no fim de semana passado?

    -Não vi nenhum.

    [How many movies did you see last weekend?]

    [-I didn’t see any.]

    Position of negative words – Posição de palavras negativas

    Whenever a negative word follows the verb, another negative word must precede the verb. In other words, Portuguese uses double negatives with great frequency.

    Ele não estuda nunca. OU

    Ele nunca estuda.

    [He doesn’t ever study.]

    [He never studies.]

    Não veio ninguém. OU

    Ninguém veio.

    [No one came.]
    Não temos nem garfos nem colheres. [We have neither forks nor spoons.]
    Ela nunca compra nada. [She never buys anything.]

    The affirmative counterparts to the negative expressions- As contrapartidas afirmativas às expressões negativas

    não [no] sim [yes] (though this may not be present)
    nunca [never] sempre [always], às vezes [sometimes], uma vez [once],

    alguma vez [sometime, ever], algumas vezes [sometimes]

    nem [nor, not even] até [even]
    nem … nem [neither … nor] ou … ou [either or], e [and]
    nenhum, nenhuma [no, any, not one, not any, none] algum, alguns, alguma, algumas [some]
    nada [nothing] tudo [everything], algo [something]
    ninguém [no one, nobody] alguém [someone, somebody], todo mundo [everybody]

    alguma pessoa [someone], todos, todas [all]

    ainda não [still hasn’t/haven’t, still not] [already]

    Examples:

    Ele não fala português. [He doesn’t speak Portuguese.] Ele fala português. [He (does) speak Portuguese.]
    Nós nunca almoçamos antes do meio-dia. [We never have lunch before noon]. Nós sempre almoçamos antes do meio-dia. [We always have lunch before noon.]
    Nem eu sei o que está acontecendo. [I don’t even know what is going on.] Até eu ouvi o que aconteceu. [Even I heard what happened.]
    Nem dançamos nem cantamos. [We neither danced nor sang.] Nós dançamos e cantamos. [We danced and sang.]
    Os meninos não viram nenhum filme. [The boys didn’t see any film.] As meninas viram alguns filmes. [The girls saw some films.]
    Eu não tenho nada. [I have nothing/I don’t have anything.] Você tem algo para mim? [Do you have something for me?]
    Ninguém veio à festa. [No one came to the party.] Alguém está aí? [Is someone there?]
    Ele ainda não leu o livro. [He still hasn’t read the book.] Você leu o livro? –. [Did you already read the book? -I did.]
    11.2 Practice – Prática

    11.2 A. Answer each question negatively, using in your answer the Portuguese equivalent of the
    English word in the second column.

    Quantos livros você comprou? Not any book
    – Eu não comprei nenhum livro.

    1. Quantos sofás você vê na sala de aula? not any sofa
    2. Quem foi ver a mãe dele? no one
    3. Quando é que você lava a louça? never
    4. Ela tem discos e fitas? neither… nor
    5. O que é que eles vão fazer hoje à tarde? nothing
    6. Ela nunca faz uma pergunta? any question at all

    11.2 B. Rewrite these sentences in the negative:

    1. Eu vejo alguém.
    2. Nós sempre compramos algo para alguém.
    3. Ele sempre traz alguma coisa.
    4. Vocês ou vão trabalhar ou vão fazer farra?
    5. Alguém sempre me dava algo.

    Stem changing verbs that change from ‘e’ to ‘i’ – Verbos que mudam de radical ‘e’ a ‘i’

    Third conjugation verbs (those ending in –ir) with a stressed e in the stem, change the e to i only in the first person singular of the present tense.

    servir – sirvo, serve, etc.
    repetir – repito, repete, etc.
    preferir – prefiro, prefere, etc.
    divertir-se – divirto-me, diverte-se, etc.

    Other verbs that follow this conjugation include CONSEGUIR, DESPIR, MENTIR, SEGUIR, SENTIR, SUGERIR, and VESTIR.

    Spellling changes in the first person singular of the present tense – Mudanças de ortografia na primeira pessoa (eu) do presente do indicativo

    Verbs of the second conjugation ending in –cer must use a cedilla under the ç in the first person singular to maintain the soft sound of that letter [s].

    aparecer – apareçobut aparece, etc.
    conhecer – conheçobut conhece, etc.

    Other verbs that follow this conjugation include ADORMECER, CONVENCER, DESCER, ESQUECER-SE, MERECER, NASCER, OBEDECER, RECONHECER and VENCER

    Verbs of the third conjugation ending in –gir and –ger must change the g to j in the first person singular to maintain the soft sound of the g [ʒ].

    dirigir – dirijobut dirige, etc.
    fingir – finjobut finge, etc.
    eleger – elejobut elege, etc.

    Other verbs that follow this conjugation include CORRIGIR and FUGIR.

    11.3 Practice – Prática

    Query \(\PageIndex{11.3 A.}\)

    Vocabulary – Vocabulário

    Meals – As Refeições

    • o café da manhã [breakfast]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • o pão [bread]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • a manteiga [butter]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • o leite [milk]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • os ovos (fritos, mexidos) [eggs (fried, scrambled)]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • o suco (de laranja) [orange juice]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • o almoço [lunch]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • o arroz [rice]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • o feijão [beans]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • o bife [steak]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • a salada [salad]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • as frutas [fruit]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • o jantar [dinner, supper]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • a sopa [soup]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • o macarrão [spaghetti, pasta]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • a galinha assada [roast chicken, baked chicken]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • o peixe [fish]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • o camarão [shrimp]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    Additional Vocabulary – Vocabulário adicional

    • o colégio [high school]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • a colher [spoon]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • cômodo, -a [comfortable]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • diante (de)[in front (of), before]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • o espetáculo [spectacle, show]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • a estação [season; station]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • a faca [knife]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • o ferro [iron]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • o fogão (-ões) [kitchen stove, burner]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • o garfo [fork]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • o guardanapo [napkin]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • o gosto [taste]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • lindíssimo, -a [very beautiful]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • o liquidificador [blender]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • a louça [china(ware), dishes]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • a mobília [furniture]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • os móveis [furniture]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • a ocasião (-ões) [chance, occasion]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • o pires (os pires) [saucer]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • a poltrona [easy chair]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • provavelmente [probably]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • o sofá [sofa, couch]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • os talheres [silverware]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • o tamanho [size]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • o tapete [rug]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • a torradeira [toaster]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • a travessa [platter]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    Verbs – Verbos

    • aparecer (apareço)[to appear; show up]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • arrumar[to straighten up, tidy]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • cortar [to cut]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • cozinhar [to cook]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • descrever [to describe]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • dirigir (dirijo) [to drive]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • fingir (finjo)[to pretend]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • impressionar [to impress]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • informar[to inform]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • limpar [to clean]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • passar a ferro [to iron]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • pôr/tirar a mesa [set/clear the table]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • praticar [to practice]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • secar[to dry]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • ter ocasião de [to have a chance, have an opportunity]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    Expressions – Expressões

    • Que bom! [Great!]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • Que chato! [How boring!; How unpleasant!]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • E como![And how!]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • em fins de [around the end of]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • em princípios de [around the beginning of]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    • no momento [at the moment]

      An audio element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can listen to it online here: wisc.pb.unizin.org/portuguese/?p=45

    11.4 Practice – Prática

    11.4 A. Translate:

    1. I had a good time at your party last summer.
    2. The furniture that Lúcia bought isn’t very comfortable.
    3. I iron while I watch TV at night.
    4. My brother never has any money.
    5. No one ever has the time to straighten up their room.
    6. He and I are going to take a trip to Canada around the beginning of February.
    7. Haroldo went away without saying anything to me.
    8. Great! We’re having shrimp for dinner.
    9. I drive two hundred kilometers every week.
    10. My grandmother doesn’t like butter or milk.

    11.4 B. Write in Portuguese:

    1. No one ever understands anything when I speak French.
    2. You can’t buy anything in any store with fifty cruzeiros.
    3. Why don’t you ever say anything to anybody?
    4. We neither straighten the bedroom nor wash the dishes.
    5. There are no chairs in the dining room.

    This page titled 2.21: Lição 11 is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Severino J. Albuquerque, Mary H. Schil, & Claude E. Leroy.

    • Was this article helpful?