2.9: Lição 5
- Page ID
- 55138
Learning Objectives – Objetivos da Lição
Lição 5 presents:
- the preterite or simple past tense and spelling changes and irregular verbs that occur in it,
- ter/estar com expressions, and
- relevant vocabulary.
After completing this lesson, the student will be able to:
- recognize and produce forms of both regular and irregular verbs in the preterite tense.
- describe general situations using ter/estar com expressions.
Grammar- Gramática
Preterite Perfect – O Pretérito perfeito
The preterite, or simple past tense, is used to express a simple, completed past action. The bold letters in the examples given below are the preterite endings for the different conjugations. The -ar, -er, or -ir must be removed from the infinitive before the preterite endings are attached.
-AR: FAL/AR |
Eu falei | Nós falamos |
Você, ele, ela falou | Vocês, eles, elas falaram |
-ER: COM/ER |
Eu comi | Nós comemos |
Você, ele, ela comeu | Vocês, eles, elas comeram |
-IR: ABR/IR |
Eu abri | Nós abrimos |
Você, ele, ela abriu | Vocês, eles, elas abriram |
It will be noted that the first person plural (the nós form) of regular verbs is the same in the present and in the preterite tenses. The context in which the verb is used will be your guide as to its meaning.
Falamos com o professor ontem. | We spoke to the teacher yesterday. |
Falamos com o professor quando ele entra na aula. | We speak to the teacher when he enters the classroom. |
Spelling changes in the preterite tense – Mudanças ortográficas no pretérito
Verbs of the first conjugation ending in -çar do not use the cedilla under the “c” in the first person singular.
começar – eu comecei | but, você começou, nós começamos, vocês começaram, etc. |
dançar – eu dancei | but, você dançou, etc. |
Verbs of the first conjugation (the eu form) ending in -car must change the “c” to “qu” before adding the first person singular ending, in order to keep the hard sound [k].
tocar – eu toquei | but, você tocou, nós tocamos, vocês, tocaram etc. |
ficar – eu fiquei | but, vocês ficou, etc. |
Verbs of the first conjugation (the eu form) ending in -gar must change the “g” to “gu” before adding the first person singular ending, in order to maintain the hard sound [g].
ligar – eu liguei | but, você ligou, nós ligamos, vocês ligaram etc. |
pagar – eu paguei | but, você pagou, etc. |
Irregular Verbs in the Preterite – Verbos irregulares no pretérito
There are a number of verbs which have irregular preterite forms. These must be learned when given in the lesson. Preterite tense of irregular verbs studied thus far:
DAR |
Eu dei | Nós demos |
Você, ele, ela deu | Vocês, eles, elas deram |
DIZER |
Eu disse | Nós dissemos |
Você, ele, ela disse | Vocês, eles, elas disseram |
ESTAR |
Eu estive | Nós estivemos |
Você, ele, ela esteve | Vocês, eles, elas estiveram |
FAZER |
Eu fiz | Nós fizemos |
Você, ele, ela fez | Vocês, eles, elas fizeram |
PÔR |
Eu pus | Nós pusemos |
Você, ele, ela pôs | Vocês, eles, elas puseram |
PODER |
Eu pude | Nós pudemos |
Você, ele, ela pôde | Vocês, eles, elas puderam |
QUERER |
Eu quis | Nós quisemos |
Você, ele, ela quis | Vocês, eles, elas quiseram |
SER/IR |
Eu fui | Nós fomos |
Você, ele, ela foi | Vocês, eles, elas foram |
? Notice that the verbs ir and ser are exactly the same in the preterite tense. Their meaning will be clear in the context of the sentences in which they appear.
Fui ao cinema com Alice. (IR) | [I went to the movie with Alice.] |
Fomos visitar os nossos amigos. (IR) | [We went to visit our friends.] |
Ontem foi domingo. (SER) | [Yesterday was Sunday.] |
Ele foi professor durante muitos anos. (SER) | [He was a teacher for many years.] |
TER |
Eu tive | Nós tivemos |
Você, ele, ela teve | Vocês, eles, elas tiveram |
VER |
Eu vi | Nós vimos |
Você, ele, ela viu | Vocês, eles, elas viram |
VIR |
Eu vim | Nós viemos |
Você, ele, ela veio | Vocês, eles, elas vieram |
To refresh your memory, we repeat: in Portuguese an infinitive is always used after a preposition. Notice the possible translations into English.
Ele começou a falar. | [He began speaking. (or: He began to speak.)] |
Não tive vontade de levantar-me. | [I didn’t feel like getting up.] |
Ela estudou para aprender. | [She studied in order to learn.] |
5.1 Practice – Prática
Query \(\PageIndex{5.1 A.}\)
Query \(\PageIndex{5.1 B.}\)
Query \(\PageIndex{5.1 C.}\)
5.1 D. Answer with complete sentences. Use the expression opposite each question in your answer. Observe in the following example:
O que vocês compraram? umas revistas
– Compramos umas revistas.
1. O que é que você pagou ontem? o aluguel
2. Onde é que Leo tomou o café da manhã? em casa
3. Quando é que você jantou no restaurante? ontem à noite
4. Com quem é que Ana saiu? com uns amigos
5. A que horas você almoçou? às onze e meia
6. Quando é que Rui e Andrea se deitaram? à meia-noite
7. O que você leu? um jornal
8. A que horas Isabel se levantou? às seis e quinze
9. A que horas você se levantou? às oito e vinte
10. Aonde vocês foram ontem? ao cinema
Expressions with TER/ESTAR com – Expressões com TER/ESTAR com
Many common physical and mental states are frequently described by use of TER / ESTAR COM + noun. TER is used when describing a general situation whereas ESTAR com emphasizes the more immediate situations:
Sempre tenho frio nesta sala mas hoje estou com calor. | [I’m always cold in this room but today I’m hot.] |
TER / ESTAR COM: |
(o) calor | [to be hot] |
(o) frio | [to be cold] |
(a) fome | [to be hungry] |
(a) sede | [to be thirsty] |
(a) pressa | [to be in a hurry] |
(a) raiva (de) | [to be angry] |
(o) sono | [to be sleepy] |
(o) medo (de) | [to be afraid] |
(a) febre | [to have a fever] |
(o/os) ciúme(s) (de) | [to be jealous] |
(a) vergonha | [to be embarrassed] |
(a/as) saudade(s) (de) + noun | [to miss] |
(a) vontade (de) + inf. | [to feel like] |
(a) dor de (cabeça, etc) | [to have a (head)ache, etc.] |
Você está com pressa? | [Are you in a hurry?] |
Estou com sono agora. | [I’m sleepy now.] |
The Portuguese equivalent of very in these verb phrases is expressed by the appropriate form of the adjective muito.
Temos muito medo da polícia. | [We’re very afraid of the police.] |
Lígia tem muitas saudades de casa. | [Lígia is very homesick.] |
The expressions above can be emphasized by substituting estar morrendo de for ter / estar com:
Estou morrendo de frio! | [I’m freezing!] |
André está morrendo de vergonha! | [André is mortified!] |
Note that estar (and not ter or estar com) is used with adjectives:
Hoje nós estamos tristes. | [We’re sad today.] |
A água está quente. | [The water is warm.] |
Por que você está tão alegre? |
[Why are you in such a good mood?]
5.2 Practice – Prática
Query \(\PageIndex{5.2 A.}\)
5.2 B. Translate into Portuguese:
1. I have a headache now because I’m very hungry.
2. Tânia is sad because Luísa and Sandra are angry.
3. When we are thirsty, we don’t feel like drinking coffee.
4. I am freezing. Do I have a fever?
5. When José is homesick, he feels like going back to Brazil.
Vocabulary – Vocabulário
- alegre [happy; in a good mood]
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- o aluguel [rent]
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- o ano [year]
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- barato, -a [cheap]
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- o basquete [basketball]
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- a cama [bed]
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- caro, -a [expensive]
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- o cheque[check]
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- o curso[course]
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- o erro [mistake]
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- a farra[wild party, binge]
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- o futebol [soccer]
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- já [already]
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- o mês [month]
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- ontem [yesterday]
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- quase [almost]
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- o sorvete [ice cream]
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- tão (adv.) [so, as]
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- a vez[time; turn]
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- em vez de [instead of]
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- o vôlei [volleyball]
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Verbs – Verbos
- acabar [to finish, end, terminate]
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- achar [to find, think, believe]
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- adormecer (adormeço) [to fall asleep]
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- alugar [to rent]
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- beber [to drink]
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- buscar [to call for, pick up, get]
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- comprar[to buy]
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- custar [to cost]
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- dançar [to dance]
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- dever [must, ought; owe]
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- dormir (durmo)[to sleep]
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- esperar [to wait for, hope, expect]
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- ficar [to be located; become; stay or remain]
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- gastar [to spend]
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- haver (há) [there is]
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- jogar [to play (a sport or cards); throw]
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- ligar [to call; connect]
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- mandar [to send, order]
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- pagar [to pay]
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- precisar (de)[to need]
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- receber [to receive]
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- sobrar [to be left over]
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- tocar [to touch; play (an instrument, record, tape)]
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Expressions – Expressões
- O que (é que) há com você? [What’s the matter with you?]
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- O que (é que) você tem? [What’s the matter with you?]
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- Se você quiser, … [If you want, …]
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- Acho bom (+ inf.) … [I think it’s a good idea to …]
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5.3 Practice – Prática
5.3 A. Answer these questions:
1. Você recebe dinheiro dos pais todos os meses?
2. O que é que você fez com o cheque que recebeu do seu pai?
3. Você comprou as flores para ela?
4. Vocês adormeceram durante o filme?
5. Aonde você foi ontem depois de almoçar?
6. Você gosta de farras?
7. Você tem vontade de voltar para a cama agora?
8. Vocês dormiram bem ontem à noite?
9. O que é que você faz quando tem dor de cabeça?
10. Como é que você se sente agora?
11. Quando nós não nos sentimos bem, vamos ao médico?
12. Em vez de estudar todas as tardes, o que seus amigos fazem?
13. O que vocês viram hoje quando entraram no supermercado?
5.3 B. Translate the following:
1. The child got sleepy.
2. I stayed home.
3. Your parents came to visit.
4. You and I went home.
5. I arrived late.
6. He made a mistake.
7. We paid the bills.
8. I danced a lot.
9. We got up at noon.
10. I spoke to John.
11. They had problems.
12. I began to understand.
13. I could not go to the post office.
14. She fell asleep in class.
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