2.7: Lição 4
- Page ID
- 55136
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Lição 4 presents:
- the possessive adjectives
- adjectives and adjective use
- numbers from 10 to 50
- how to tell time
- reflexive verbs and placement of reflexivepronouns,
- the immediate future tense (ir + infinitive)
- additional vocabulary.
After completing this lesson, the student will be able to:
- use adjectives to indicate possession and to describe nouns.
- use reflexive verbs in the present tense.
- tell time.
- use the construction ir + infinitive to express future actions.
Grammar- Gramática
Possessive Adjectives – Os adjetivos possessivos
The possessive adjectives in Portuguese must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. Learn the following forms, and study the examples given of the use of the possessive adjectives.
Masculine | Feminine | Translation |
meu, -s | minha, -s | [my] |
seu, -s | sua, -s | [your, his, her] |
nosso, -s | nossa, -s | [our] |
seu, -s | sua, -s | [your, their] |
The definite article is generally used before the possessive adjective.
o meu amigo [my friend] | os meus amigos [my friends] |
a nossa casa [our house] | as nossas lições [our lessons] |
o seu relógio [his, her, your or their watch] | as suas meias [his, her, your or their socks] |
The forms dele, dela, deles, delas are used instead of seu, sua, seus, suas to clarify possession. The noun is followed by these forms and is preceded by a definite article.
o vestido dela | [her dress] |
a camisa dele | [his shirt] |
os sapatos dela | [her shoes] |
as meias dele | [his socks] |
a casa deles | [their house] |
o pai delas | [their father] |
os irmãos deles | [their brothers] |
as blusas delas | [their blouses] |
4.1 Practice – Prática
4.1 A. Answer affirmatively with complete sentences. Use the proper form of the possessive adjective, when appropriate. Observe in the following example:
Você tem o seu jornal?
– Tenho, sim. Tenho o meu jornal.
1. Você tem a sua revista?
2. Você gosta do seu quarto?
3. O Paulo conversa com a sua amiga?
4. A Marisa telefona para o seu médico?
5. Você e eu temos camisas novas?
6. A Ângela mora com o seu primo?
7. Você sempre vem de ônibus?
8. Vocês almoçam com a sua tia todos os dias?
Query \(\PageIndex{4.1 B. }\)
Adjectives – Os adjetivos
As you have already noticed, adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun(s) they modify:
o ônibus amarelo | [the yellow bus] |
as cantoras bonitas | [the pretty singers] |
os atores famosos | [the famous actors] |
as crianças felizes | [the happy children] |
a família espanhola | [the Spanish family] |
os filmes encantadores | [the charming films] |
Descriptive adjectives generally follow the noun they modify. Descriptive adjectives provide information concerning size, shape, color, appearance, etc.
a cidade grande | [the big city] |
esse rapaz alto | [that tall boy] |
umas perguntas difíceis | [some difficult questions] |
os nossos amigos elegantes | [our elegant friends] |
Definite and indefinite articles, demonstrative, interrogative and possessive adjectives, numerals, and adjectives which express an intrinsic characteristic of the noun precede the noun they modify.
um restaurante italiano | [an Italian restaurant] |
três homens | [three men] |
Que dia é hoje? | [What day is it?] |
aquela noite | [that night] |
a sua linda cara | [your lovely face] |
In English a noun is often used as an adjective. To render such ideas in Portuguese, it is necessary to use an adjectival phrase: de + noun.
um copo de papel | [a paper cup] |
um reloǵio de pulso | [a wrist watch] |
uma aula de francês | [a French class] |
The word muito can be both an adjective and an adverb in Portuguese.
As an adverb, it is invariable and has only the form muito.
Nós trabalhamos muito. | [We work a lot.] |
Ela fala muito bem. | [She speaks very well.] |
Ele está muito doente. | [He is very sick.] |
As an adjective, it must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. In the singular, it is translated as much; in the plural, as many.
muito dinheiro | [much or a lot of money] |
muitos amigos | [many friends] |
muita curiosidade | [much or a lot of curiosity] |
muitas noites | [many nights] |
4.2 Practice – Prática
Query \(\PageIndex{4.2 A.}\)
Numbers from 10 to 50 – Os números de 10 a 50
- dez [ten]
- onze [eleven]
- doze [twelve]
- treze [thirteen]
- quatorze [fourteen]
- quinze [fifteen]
- dezesseis [sixteen]
- dezessete [seventeen]
- dezoito [eighteen]
- dezenove [nineteen]
- vinte [twenty]
- vinte e um, etc. [twenty-one]
- trinta [thirty]
- quarenta [forty]
- cinquenta [fifty]
Telling time in Portuguese – As horas
Que horas são? | [What time is it?] |
É uma (hora). | [It’s one o’clock.] |
É meio-dia. | [It’s noon.] |
São duas (horas), etc. | [It’s two o’clock.] |
São três e dez. | [It’s 3:10.] |
São oito e quinze. | [It’s 8:15 (or a quarter after eight.] |
São nove e meia. | [It’s 9:30 (or half past nine.)] |
São dez e trinta. | [It’s 10:30 (or half past ten.)] |
São vinte para as quatro. | [It’s twenty to four.] |
São quinze para as cinco. | [It’s a quarter to five.] |
The following expressions are used to indicated A.M. and P.M.: da manhã, da tarde, da noite.
São oito horas da manhã. | [It’s 8:00 A.M.] |
São duas horas da tarde. | [It’s 2:00 P.M.] |
São nove horas da noite. | [It’s 9:00 P.M.] |
To express the word “at” in time expressions, when the definite hour is mentioned, it is necessary to use the preposition a combines with the definite article a, o and as.
O filme começa à uma hora. | [The movie begins at one o’clock.] |
Ela janta às sete horas. | [She dines at seven o’clock.] |
Ele almoça ao meio-dia. | [He has lunch at noon.] |
Ele se deita à meia-noite. | [He goes to bed at midnight.] |
4.3 Practice – Prática
Query \(\PageIndex{4.3 A.}\)
4.3 B. Answer each question with a complete sentence. Use the cues to the right in your reply. Observe in the following example:
A que horas o filme começa? 7:30 PM
– O filme começa às sete e meia da noite.
1. Que horas são agora? 10:45 AM
2. A que horas o jogo começa? 1:00 PM
3. A que horas a aula termina? 12:50 PM
4. Quando você vai fazer compras? After 3 PM
5. Quando você vai telefonar para a Ana? In the evening
6. A que horas almoçamos? Noon
7. A que horas jantamos? Between 6 and 7 PM
8. A que horas você vai levantar-se amanhã? After 8 AM
9. A que horas você vai deitar-se? After midnight
10. Quando eles vão partir? Tomorrow afternoon
Reflexive Verbs – Os verbos reflexivos
A verb is called reflexive when its subject and object are the same. These verbs are always accompanied by a reflexive pronoun which corresponds to the subject of the verb. Examples are:
acordar-se | to wake up |
banhar-se | to bathe, take a bath/shower |
chamar-se | to be named/called |
deitar-se | to go to bed; to lie down |
despir-se (dispo) | to get undressed |
levantar-se | to get up; to rise |
sentar-se | to sit down |
sentir-se (sinto) | to feel |
vestir-se (visto) | to get dressed |
The reflexive pronoun precedes the conjugated verb form when the subject is expressed.
eu me levanto | [I get up, I do get up, I am getting up] | nós nos levantamos | [We get up, we do get up, we are getting up] |
você se levanta | [You get up, you do get up, you are getting up] | vocês se levantam | [You get up, you do get up, you are getting up] |
ele/ela se
levanta |
[He/she gets up, he/she does get up, he/she is getting up] | eles/elas se
levantam |
[They get up, they do get up, they are getting up] |
Placement of the reflexive pronoun – A colocação do pronome reflexivo
The reflexive pronoun always precedes the conjugated verb in the negative, interrogative, and in dependent clauses as well.
Nós não nos levantamos cedo. | [We don’t get up early. |
Vocês se sentem cansados? | [Do you feel tired?] |
Ele pensa que se veste bem. | [He thinks that he dresses well.] |
When the reflexive verb is used in the infinitive form after another conjugated verb, the reflexive pronoun can be attached to the infinitive or placed immediately before it.
Ele pode sentar-se ali. | [He can sit down there.] |
Ele pode se sentar ali. | |
Vamos levantar-nos cedo. | [We are going to get up early.] |
Vamos nos levantar cedo. |
4.4 Practice – Prática
4.4 A. Use the proper reflexive pronoun in each answer. Observe in the following example:
Você se levanta cedo?
– Eu me levanto cedo.
1. O Pedro se deita tarde?
2. A que horas você se deita?
3. E a que horas você se levanta?
4. Como vocês se sentem agora?
5. Nós podemos sentar-nos aqui?
6. Elas pretendem acordar-se cedo?
7. Por que você se veste depressa?
8. Quem vai sentar-se perto dele?
9. Você vai levantar-se às sete e meia?
10. Aquela moça se chama Ana?
4.4 B. Answer each question negatively. Observe in the following example:
Paulo se senta perto da janela?
– Não, ele não se senta perto da janela.
1. Vocês se preparam para partir?
2. A Anita e a Cristina se sentem bem?
3. Você se vê no espelho?
4. Nós temos que deitar-nos cedo todos os dias?
5. Eu tenho que sentar-me aqui?
6. Você gosta de levantar-se cedo aos domingos?
7. Você e esse rapaz se conhecem?
8. A Anita e seu namorado se telefonam muito?
9. Os seus parentes se visitam frequentemente?
10. Os democratas e os republicanos se compreendem?
Expressing future action with “ir” and present tense verbs – Expressando ação futura com ir e verbos no presente do indicativo
As you may have noticed, it is very common to use the verb ir with infinitive verbs (ir + infinitive) to express future action. It is the equivalent of the English “going to”.
Eu vou falar com o professor mais tarde. | [I’m going to speak with the professor later.] |
Eles vão dançar? | [Are they going to dance?] |
Vamos dizer a verdade. | [We are going to tell truth.] |
O que você vai fazer? | [What are you going to do?] |
It is also possible to express future action with the present tense of the verb. The context will show that the action is future rather than present or habitual.
Eu falo com você mais tarde. | [I’ll speak to you later.] |
Eles viajam amanhã. | [They will travel tomorrow.] |
A minha mãe vem às oito. | [My mother is coming at eight.] |
To express “to go” in a future context (i.e. “I’m going to go”), use the verb ir in the present tense.
Eu vou à biblioteca amanhã. | [I’m going to go to the library tomorrow.] |
*Eu vou ir à biblioteca amanhã. [Isn’t gramatically acceptable.]
4.5 Practice – Prática
Query \(\PageIndex{4.5 A.}\)
4.5 B. Determine whether the following sentences that utilize the present tense, are expressing Future or Habitual actions.
Query \(\PageIndex{4.5 B.}\)
Vocabulary – Vocabulário
- o almoço [lunch]
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- até [until; even]
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- até a [as far as]
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- o ator [actor]
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- a atriz [actress]
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- a biblioteca [library]
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- a bicicleta [bicycle]
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- o café da manhã [breakfast]
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- cansado, -a [tired]
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- castanho, -a [brown (eyes and hair)]
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- o/a companheiro, -a [companion]
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- companheiro/a de quarto [roommate]
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- a criança [child]
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- elegante [elegant, fine]
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- encantador, -a [enchanting, charming, delightful]
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- o espelho [mirror]
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- a família [family]
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- feliz [happy]
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- geralmente [generally]
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- grande [large, great]
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- importante [important]
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- juntos, -as[together]
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- lindo, -a [gorgeous]
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- louro, -a [blond]
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- mais[more]
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- a meia-hora [half-hour]
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- a meia-noite [midnight]
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- o meio-dia [noon]
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- menos [less, except, minus]
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- moreno, -a [dark-complexioned]
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- o/a namorado/a [boy/girlfriend]
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- o/a noivo, -a [fiancé, fiancée]
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- o ônibus (os ônibus) [bus]
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- pequeno, -a [little, small]
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- o/a político, -a[politician]
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- o/a primo, -a [cousin]
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- pronto, -a[ready]
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- o quarto [bedroom]
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- a residência[dormitory]
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- o relógio [watch, clock]
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- o/a tio, -a [uncle, aunt]
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- a televisão (-ões) [television]
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- a universidade [university]
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- o/a universitário, -a [university student]
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- a verdade [truth]
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Verbs – Verbos
- acordar [to wake up]
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- almoçar[to eat lunch, have lunch]
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- assistir (a)[to watch, to attend]
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- assistir televisão [to watch television]
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- começar (a)[to begin]
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- conversar [to talk, converse]
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- jantar [to have dinner, supper]
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- poder (posso) [can/may, to be able to]
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- pretender [to intend]
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- sentir (sinto) [to feel]
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- sentir muito [to be sorry]
- terminar [to finish, to end]
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- vestir (visto) [to dress]
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Expressions- Expressões
- A que horas… [(At) what time…?]
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- Está certo! [Fine!; OK!]
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- Está na hora de (+ inf.) [It’s time to…]
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