2.1: 会話１

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At an ATM.

Honda: Dou shita no? Nani ka mondai? どうしたの？何か問題もんだい？ What’s wrong? Any problem?

Michael: Kore, yomenai no. これ、読よめないの。 I cannot read this.

Honda : Aa, pasuwaado o irete kudasai tte. ああ、「パスワードを入いれてください」って。 Oh, it says, ‘Please enter your password.”

Michael: Okkee. Minai de yo. オッケー。見みないでよ。 Okay. Don’t look.

Honda: Minai wa yo. 見みないわよ。 I’m not gonna look.

Vocabulary

mondai もんだい問題 problem
yomeru よめる読める can read (See 10-1-1)
yomenai よめない読めない cannot read
pasuwaado パスワード password
ireru いれる入れる enter; put it in
＋wasureru わすれる忘れる forget
＋oboeru おぼえる覚える remember; commit to memory
minai de みないで見ないで Don't look (See 10-1-2)

Grammar Notes

Verb Potential Forms

The verb suru ‘do’ has a special potential form dekiru ‘can do’. For all the other verbs, there are different conjugation rules to make potential forms for different verb groups.

Group 1: U-Verbs
Change /u/ to /eru/
The resulting form is a RU-verb. To make its negative form, change /ru/ to /nai/.
nomu -> nomeru -> nomenai
kau -> kaeru -> kaenai

Group 2: RU-Verbs
Change /ru/ to /rareru/ (or /reru/ for the newly emerging version)
taberu -> taberareru (tabereru) -> taberarenai (taberenai)

Group 3: Irregular Verbs
kuru -> korareru (koreru) -> korarenai (korenai)
suru -> dekiru -> dekinai
iku -> ikeru -> ikenai
no potential form for aru

Group 4: Special Polite Verbs
Follow the same rule as Group 1—change /u/ to /eru/
Irassharu -> irasshareru -> irassharenai

Note that the object of Potential verbs can be marked either by the particle o or ga, just like we saw before with the verb ~tai forms

Kaado o/ga tsukaeru. You can use a credit card.
Nihongo o/ga hanaseru. I can speak Japanese.

Negative Requests

Earlier, we learned that the~ te form of verbs are used to make a request.
Casual: Tabete. Eat.
Formal: Tabete kudasai. Please eat.
More polite: Tabete itadakemasen ka. Could you please eat?

To make a negative request (asking someone not to do something), you add de to the plain negative form of the verb.
Casual: Tabenai de. Don’t eat.
Formal: Tabenai de kudasai. Please don’t eat.
More polite: Tabenai de itadakemasen ka. Could you please not eat?

Some sentence particles can follow these requests with an added meaning.
Tabenai de ne? Don’t eat, okay?
Tabenai de yo. Don’t eat, I’m telling you.