Module 3 Answers to Practice Accenting Verbs of Three Syllables or More

1. δίδωμι, ἐδίδου, διδόμεθα, ἐδίδουν, δίδομεν, ἐδιδόμην, δίδοται, δίδοσαι
2. διδοίης, ἐδόμην, διδόᾱσιν, δίδοτε, ἐδίδους, ἐδίδοσο, δίδοσθαι, δίδονται
3. διδοίην, διδόμεθα, δίδοσθε, διδοίημεν, διδοίμην, διδότω
4. τίθημι, ἐτίθην, ἐτίθεις, τίθησιν, τίθεμεν, ἐτίθει, τίθεσαι, τίθεται
5. τιθέμεθα, ἐτιθέμην, τίθεσθε, τίθετε, τιθέᾱσιν, ἐθέμην, τίθενται, τίθεσθαι
6. πράττετε, ἔπραξα, ἐπράχθην, ἔπραττον, ἐπράχθητε, πέπρᾱχα, πράττεται, πράττεσθαι
7. γενησόμεθα, ἐγενόμην, ἐγίγνου, γέγονα, γεγένησθε, γίγνεται, γίγνεσθαι
8. ποιέει, ποιήσειν, ἐποίησα, ἐποίεον, ἐποιέου, ἐποιήθην, ποιέεται, ποιέονται
9. δοκέεις, ἐδόκεες, δοκέειν, ἔδοξε, ἐδόχθη, ἐδοκεόμην, δοκέεσθαι, δοκέεται
10. ὁράω, ὀψόμεθα, ὁράειν, ὄψεσθε, εἰδόμην, ἑώρακα, ὁράεται, ὁράονται

Module 4 Answers to Practice Identifying Adverbs

Adverbs are bolded and what each modifies is underlined.

“Open your eyes, Clevinger. It does not make a damned bit of difference who wins the war to someone who’s dead.”

Clevinger sat for a moment as though he’d been slapped. “Congratulations!” he exclaimed bitterly, the thinnest milk-white line enclosing his lips tightly in a bloodless, squeezing grind. “I can not think of another attitude that could be depended upon to give greater comfort to the enemy.”

“The enemy,” retorted Yossarian with weighted precision, “is anybody who’s going to get you killed, no matter which side he’s on, and that includes Colonel Cathcart. And do not you forget that, because the longer you remember it, the longer you might live.”

Module 4 Answers to Practice Translating Adverbs

“Every time another White Halfoat was born,” he continued, “the stock market turned bullish. Soon whole drilling crews were following us around with all their equipment just to get the jump on each other. Companies began to merge just so they could cut down on the number of people they had to assign to us. But the crowd in back of us kept growing. We never got a good night’s sleep. When we stopped, they stopped. When we moved, they moved, chuckwagons, bulldozers, derricks, generators. We were a walking business boom, and we began to receive invitations from some of the best hotels just for the amount of business we would drag into town with us. Some of those invitations were mighty generous, but we couldn’t accept any because we were Indians and all the best hotels that were inviting us wouldn’t accept Indians as guests. Racial prejudice is a terrible thing, Yossarian. It really is.

“Then, Yossarian, it finally happened—the beginning of the end. They began to follow us around from in front. They would try to guess where we were going to stop next and would begin drilling before we even got there, so we couldn’t stop. As soon as we’d begin to unroll our blankets, they would kick us off. They had confidence in us. They wouldn’t even wait to strike oil before they kicked us off. We were so tired we almost didn’t care the day our time ran out. One morning we found ourselves completely surrounded by oilmen waiting for us to come their way so they could kick us off. Everywhere you looked there was an oilman on a ridge, waiting there like Indians getting ready to attack. It was the end. We couldn’t stay where we were because we had just been kicked off. And there was no place left for us to go. Only the Army saved me. Luckily, the war broke out just in the nick of time, and a draft board picked me right up out of the middle and put me down safely in Lowery Field, Colorado. I was the only survivor.”

Module 5 Answers to Practice Indentifying Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions are underlined and subordinating conjunctions are in bold.

Each morning when they came around, three brisk and serious men with efficient mouths and inefficient eyes, they were accompanied by brisk and serious Nurse Duckett, one of the ward nurses who didn’t like Yossarian. They read the chart at the foot of the bed and asked impatiently about the pain. They seemed irritated when he told them it was exactly the same.

Nurse Duckett made a note to give Yossarian another pill, and the four of them moved along to the next bed. None of the nurses liked Yossarian. Actually, although the pain in his liver had gone away, Yossarian didn’t say anything and the doctors never suspected.

Module 5 Answers to Practice with Conjunctions

I once went to Thessaly. I had some family business there with a man from that region. My horse carried me and my possessions and one slave attended me. I was travelling the dirt road when along came some travellers headed for Hypata, a city of Thessaly and their hometown. We shared bread as we approached the end of our journey and the city. I asked them if they knew about a man living in Hypata. His name was Hipparkhos and I carried for him a letter from home, requesting a stay at his house. They replied that they knew Hipparkhos, where in the city he lived, that he had sufficient silver, and that he kept only one slave and a wife, since money was his true love.

As we neared the city, we saw an orchard and on the grounds a small but tolerable cottage where Hipparkhos lived. Bidding me farewell my companions left. I approached the door and knocked. After a long wait a woman answered, stepping outside.

Module 5 Answers to Practice Accenting Verbs of Two Syllables or More

1. λαμβάνει, λήψει, ἔλαβε, ἐλάμβανε, ἐλήφθη, λήψεσθε, λαμβάνεται, λαμβάνεσθαι
2. βούλει, βούλῃ, βουλησόμεθα, ἐβούλου, ἐβούλετο, ἐβουλήθησαν, βούλεται, βούλονται
3. ἔρχεσθε, ἐλεύσει, ἦλθον, ἦλθε, ἤλθομεν, ἦλθες, ἔρχονται, ἔρχεσθαι
4. καλέω, ἐκάλεον, καλέειν, ἐκάλεσα, κέκληκα, ἐκλήθη, καλέεται, καλέονται
5. πρᾶττον, ἔπρᾱττον, πρᾶττε, πράξεις, πράξω, πράξει, πράττεται, πράττεσθαι
6. ἄρχεις, ἦρχον, ἦρχες, ἤρχου, ἦρξε, ἤρχθη, ἄρχεται, ἄρχονται
7. ἀκούει, ἀκούσει, ἤκουσα, ἀκούειν, ἀκουόμεθα, ἀκούομεν, ἀκούεται, ἀκούονται
8. φέρεις, φέρει, φέρον, οἶσον, φέρε, οἴσει, οἴσεται, οἴσεσθαι
9. ἄγομεν, ἄγειν, ἦγε, ἤγου, ἤχθη, ἄξει, ἄγεται, ἄξονται
10. φαίνεις, φαῖνον, ἔφαινον, φανέειν, ἐφάνθη, φαῖνε, φαίνεται, φανέεσθαι

Module 6 Answers to Practice Writing in Greek

1. ἄνθρωπος ἄγει ἵππον.
2. νόμος πείθει ἄνθρωπον.
3. θεὸς τῷδε χρήματα δίδωσι.
4. ὅδε τῇδε χρήματα δίδωσι.
5. γυνὴ ὁράει ἵππον.
6. ἄνθρωπος ποιέει τῷδε θεόν.
7. ἵππος φέρει τήνδε.
8. θεὸς τῇδε φίλον δίδωσι.
9. ἄνθρωπος ἵππον καλέει.
10. χρόνος νόμον γράφει.

Module 7 Answers to Practice Parsing in English

1. My (adjective, learned soon) owner (nominative, subject) discovered (verb) a profit (accusative, direct object) of (preposition not present in Greek) many (adjective, learned soon) drachmae (genitive of dependence).
2. She (nominative, subject) spoke (verb) to (preposition not present in Greek) my (adjective, learned soon) owner (dative, indirect object) and (conjunction) promised (verb) payment (accusative, direct object) of (preposition not present in Greek) silver (genitive of dependence) to (preposition not present in Greek) him (dative, indirect object).
3. She (nominative, subject) lit (verb) a lamp (accusative, direct object) with (preposition not present in Greek) fire (dative of instrument) and (conjunction) it (nominative, subject) burned (verb) for (preposition not present in Greek) three hours (accusative, duration of time).
4. She (nominative, subject) pours (verb) fragrant (adjective, learned soon) oil (accusative, direct object) from a bottle (ἐκ + bottle in the genitive) of (preposition not present in Greek) alabaster (genitive of dependence) and (conjunction) rubs (verb) her (adjective, learned soon) arm (accusative, direct object) with (preposition not present in Greek) it (dative of instrument).
5. On the day (ἐν + day in the dative) of (preposition not present in Greek) the spectacle (genitive of dependence) we (nominative, subject) bring (verb) him (accusative, direct object) and (conjunction) one (accusative, direct object) of (preposition not present in Greek) the women (partitive genitive) to the theater (εἰς + theater in the accusative).
6. The bed (nominative, subject) was (verb) large (predicate adjective) and adorned (predicate adjective) with (preposition not present in Greek) gold (dative of instrument).
7. They (nominative, subject) placed (verb) me (accusative, direct object) in the middle (ἐν + middle in the dative) of (preposition not present in Greek) the theater (genitive of dependence) and (conjunction) everyone (nominative, subject) shouted (verb) and (conjunction) clapped (verb).
8. I (nominative, subject) went (verb) to Thessaly (εἰς + Thessaly in the accusative) because (conjunction) there was (verb) to (preposition not present in Greek) me (dative of possession) a personal (adjective, learned soon) matter (nominative, subject) there (adverb).
9. I (nominative, subject) carried (verb) to Thessaly (εἰς + Thessaly in the accusative) a letter (accusative, direct object) from my father (παρά + father in the genitive) for (preposition not present in Greek) Hipparkhos (dative, indirect object). He (nominative, subject) lived (verb) there (adverb) and (conjunction) was (verb) very (adverb) miserly (adjective, learned soon).
10. Loukios (vocative, direct address), my (adjective, learned soon) home (nominative, subject) is (verb) small (nominative, predicate adjective) but (conjunction) generous (nominative, predicate adjective). Treat (verb) it (accusative, direct object) kindly (adverb).

Module 7 Answers to Create a Linked Story, Presidents 1–12

Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Adams, Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison, Tyler, Polk, Taylor

You are standing at your sink washing a tin. Out of the tin grows a big adam’s apple. You grab the apple out of the tin and hand it to a chef and her son. They take the apple and use it to make medicine. You take the medicine from them and give it to Marilyn Monroe who stands there watching. Marilyn takes the medicine and she too grows a huge adam’s apple. Michael Jackson is moon walking as he watches horrified by the huge adam’s apple growing from Marilyn Monroe’s neck. Michael Jackson runs screaming from the room and gets into a van filled with cases of beer. A hairy son drives away with the beer and Michael Jackson. The hairy son is not a good driver. He runs into a tiler who is putting tiles decorated with polka dots onto the wall of a building. A tailor watches the tiler work and takes the polka dots from the tiles so that he can use them for a dress he is making for Marilyn Monroe.

Module 8 Answers to Practice Picking out Prepositions

Circumambulate the city of a dreamy Sabbath afternoon. Go from Corlears Hook to Coenties Slip, and from thence, by Whitehall, northward. What do you see?—Posted like silent sentinels all around the town, stand thousands upon thousands of mortal men fixed in ocean reveries. Some leaning against the spiles; some seated upon the pier-heads; some looking over the bulwarks of ships from China; some high aloft in the rigging, as if striving to get a still better seaward peep. But these are all landsmen; of week days pent up in lath and plaster—tied to counters, nailed to benches, clinched to desks. How then is this? Are the green fields gone? What do they here?

Module 8 Answers to Practice Identifying Prepositions

Μασσαγέται δὲ ἐσθῆτά τε ὁμοίην τῇ Σκυθικῇ φορέουσι καὶ δίαιταν ἔχουσι, ἱππόται δὲ εἰσὶ καὶ ἄνιπποι—ἀμφοτέρων γὰρ μετέχουσι—καὶ τοξόται τε καὶ αἰχμοφόροι, σαγάρις νομίζοντες ἔχειν. χρυσῷ δὲ καὶ χαλκῷ τὰ πάντα χρέωνται· ὅσα μὲν γὰρ ἐς αἰχμὰς καὶ ἄρδις καὶ σαγάρις, χαλκῷ τὰ πάντα χρέωνται, ὅσα δὲ περὶ κεφαλὴν καὶ ζωστῆρας καὶ μασχαλιστῆρας, χρυσῷ κοσμέονται. [2] ὣς δ᾽ αὕτως τῶν ἵππων τὰ μὲν περὶ τὰ στέρνα χαλκέους θώρηκας περιβάλλουσι, τὰ δὲ περὶ τοὺς χαλινοὺς καὶ στόμια καὶ φάλαρα χρυσῷ. σιδήρῳ δὲ οὐδ᾽ ἀργύρῳ χρέωνται οὐδέν· οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδέ σφι ἐστὶ ἐν τῇ χωρῇ, ὁ δὲ χρυσὸς καὶ ὁ χαλκὸς ἄπλετος.

Module 8 Answers to Practice Choosing the Preposition

Concerning customs all people think this way and it is possible to prove it is so by many examples and also in the following way. During his rule Dareios called some Greeks who were present and asked them at what price they would be willing to eat their dead fathers. They replied that they would do this at no price. After this Dareios called the Kallatians from India who eat their dead and while the Greeks watched and understood what was said through an interpreter, asked at what price they would agree to burn with fire their dead fathers. They yelled loudly and bid him to watch his tongue. So it is with customs and I think Pindar’s poem correctly says that custom is the king of everything.

ὡς δὲ οὕτω νενομίκασι τὰ περὶ τοὺς νόμους πάντες ἄνθρωποι, πολλοῖσί τε καὶ ἄλλοισι τεκμηρίοισι πάρεστι σταθμώσασθαι, ἐν δὲ δὴ καὶ τῷδε. [3] Δαρεῖος ἐπὶ τῆς ἑωυτοῦ ἀρχῆς, καλέσας Ἑλλήνων τοὺς παρεόντας, εἴρετο ἐπὶ κόσῳ ἂν χρήματι βουλοίατο τοὺς πατέρας ἀποθνήσκοντας κατασιτέεσθαι. οἱ δὲ ἐπ᾽ οὐδενὶ ἔφασαν ἔρδειν ἂν τοῦτο. [4] Δαρεῖος δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα, καλέσας Ἰνδῶν τοὺς καλεομένους Καλλατίας, οἳ τοὺς γονέας κατεσθίουσι, εἴρετο, παρεόντων τῶν Ἑλλήνων καὶ δι᾽ ἑρμηνέος μανθανόντων τὰ λεγόμενα, ἐπὶ τίνι χρήματι δεξαίατ᾽ ἂν τελευτῶντας τοὺς πατέρας κατακαίειν πυρί. οἱ δέ, ἀμβώσαντες μέγα, εὐφημέειν μιν ἐκέλευον. οὕτω μέν νυν ταῦτα νενόμισται, καὶ ὀρθῶς μοι δοκέει Πίνδαρος ποιῆσαι, νόμον πάντων βασιλέα φήσας εἶναι.

Module 8 Answers to Practice Translating Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Adverbs

Paragraph I

It was a humorously perilous business for both of us. For, before we proceed further, it must be said that the monkey-rope was fast at both ends; fast to Queequeg’s broad canvas belt, and fast to my narrow leather one. So that for better or for worse, we two, for the time, were wedded; and should poor Queequeg sink to rise no more, then both usage and honor demanded, that instead of cutting the cord, it should drag me down in his wake. So, then, an elongated Siamese ligature united us. Queequeg was my own inseparable twin brother; nor could I any way get rid of the dangerous liabilities which the hempen bond entailed.

So strongly and metaphysically did I conceive of my situation then, that while earnestly watching his motions, I seemed distinctly to perceive that my own individuality was now merged in a joint stock company of two; that my free will had received a mortal wound; and that another’s mistake or misfortune might plunge innocent me into unmerited disaster and death.

Paragraph II

Athletes and those seeking physical fitness pay attention to health and exercise. They also contend that well-timed relaxation is a vital part of training. Students too I think profit from rest after reading serious works and consequently return to their studies invigorated. This rest works best if they spend time with books which provide contemplation and inspiration as well as wit, charm, and attraction, just the sort of restful thought I think this work provides. I note not only the novelty of the content and the charm of a compelling story but also the witty allusions to the ancient classics, filled with legends and monsters, written by poets, historians, and philosophers.

Module 9 Answers to Practice with Verbs in English

I hope: first person singular present indicative active, stating a fact. Hope is transitive and is often followed by a clause initiated by the conjunction that.

that I should live: first person singular present modal active, stating a possibility. Live is intransitive.

to see: infinitive unmarked for person and number, stating a possibility. To see is transitive and is a complementary infinitive, completing the meaning of the verb live.

every man should know: third-person singular present modal active, stating a possibility. The modal mood expresses hypotheticals, as do the subjunctive and optative moods in Greek. Know is transitive and is often followed by a clause initiated by the conjunction that. Here the that is elided.

he is free: third-person singular present indicative active. It is the clause that functions as the direct object of know. Is is a linking verb, connecting the subject he with the adjective free.

prayers and suffrage make our heart: third plural present indicative active, stating a fact.

to be this sad: infinitive, dependent on the verb make. To be is a linking verb connecting the infinitive’s subject heart with the adjective sad.

I got my duty rock and roll: first-person singular present indicative active, stating a fact.

now everybody has got: third-person singular, present modal active, stating an obligation.

to be free: infinitive unmarked for person and number. The infinitive to be is a linking verb combining everybody with free and is complementary, completing the meaning of the verb has got.

Let us get rid: first-person plural present imperative active, exhorting us to act.

and (let us) bring our government: first-person plural, present imperative active, exhorting us to act.

it may seem very hard: third-person singular, present modal active, expressing possibility. May is a helping verb. Seem is a linking verb, combining it with hard. It is the third person impersonal subject of the verb may seem.

hard to do: infinitive unmarked for person and number. The infinitive to do is transitive and the direct object has already been stated above as get rid and bring. To do is an epexegetical infinitive explaining the adjective hard.

just open your mind: second-person singular, present imperative active, asking the listener to imagine a better future. Open is a transitive verb.

let love: second-person singular, present imperative active, asking the listener to imagine a better future. Let is a transitive verb and the direct object is love and the infinitive (to) come.

come through: come is an infinitive dependent on the verb let. The to has been omitted.

you hear me, hear my plea: second-person singular, present indicative active, stating a fact. Hear is a transitive verb. The direct objects are me and plea.

everybody’s gotta be free: third-person singular, present modal active, stating an obligation.

gotta be free: infinitive unmarked for person and number. The infinitive to be is a linking verb combining everybody with free and is complementary, completing the meaning of the verb has got.

we did our thing: first-person plural, pesent indicative active, stating a fact. Did is a transitive verb and its direct object is thing.

we paid our dues: first-person plural, pesent indicative active, stating a fact. Paid is a transitive verb and its direct object is dues.

let’s get rid of: first-person plural present imperative active, exhorting us to act. These freedom blues is the object of get rid of.

Module 9 Answers to Practice Translating εἰμί

1. I am from Hypata, a city of Thessaly.
2. You are from the north.
3. Already we are near the city.
4. I ask if you are within.
5. The abode is so small.
6. I am Abroia; where are you lodging?
7. Are you young and attractive?
8. The area of the road is rough.
9. Are you young and a fit wrestler?
10. They are not inexperienced in the art.

Module 9 Answers to Practice Translating δίδωμι

1. No, but another gives up the child to her.
2. The woman gives her breast to the child.
3. Helios gives the chariot to her.
4. Helios gives the dress to her.
5. Phoibos gives drugs to her.
6. And she does not betray him.
7. I am eager to give thanks to her.
8. They give gifts to the bride.
9. You betray her.
10. You pay the penalty to her and to him.

Module 9 Answers to Practice Translating τίθημι

1. Where do I step? Where do I place my foot? What do I say?
2. In truth your mother gives birth to you, unlucky.
3. I desire to dwell in the house of Hades.
4. You place the things on earth below and envy the dead?
5. Death gives my wife to Hades.
6. You suffer things worthy of cries.
7. I place my life in Hades’ hands. For I do not wish to look upon the sunlight.
8. You walk through pains, I know this well.
9. What evil is greater for a husband to have?
10. You give me a chair but you place no limit on your sufferings.

Module 9 Answers to Practice Parsing Greek Sentences

ἐγὼ μὲν ἔρομαι εἰ ἔνδον ἐστέ. I ask if you are within.

ἐγώ: nominative, subject of ἔρομαι

μέν: adverb, modifying ἔρομαι

ἔρομαι: first-person singular present indicative middle or passive

εἰ: subordinating conjunction

ἔνδον: adverb modifying ἐστέ

ἐστέ: second-person plural present indicative active

δίκην αὐτῇ καὶ αὐτῷ δίδως. You pay the penalty to her and to him.

δίκην: accusative, direct object of δίδως

αὐτῇ: dative, indirect object of δίδως

καί: coordinating conjunction

αὐτῷ: dative, indirect object of δίδως

δίδως: second-person singular, present indicative active

Module 10 Answers to Practice Translating ἔχω

1. She has a disagreement with her mother.
2. Work holds pleasure for her.
3. We are alive and have judgment.
4. It is not the case for a woman.
5. And now we are able to be well.
6. Fear holds him and for this reason he flees.
7. For it is possible for the bride to have the land and houses.
8. For I am able to say many things to him. OR For I have many things to say to him.
9. You are wise and have a reputation.
10. But you are quiet and do not say much.

Module 10 Answers to Practice Translating ποιέω

1. They force him to do what they wish.
2. You do the opposite of what I wish.
3. You make yourself subject to a sea of grief.
4. She causes me to by annoyed.
5. You cause me to go to sleep on the cold doorstep.
6. You do things worthy of yourself and your children.
7. You cause me to owe much thanks to the gods.
8. What does Zeus do? Does he clear away the clouds or gather them?
9. The crab, the smallest of its kind, writes tragedy.
10. How is it we do not do what we wish and do what we don’t wish?

Module 10 Answers to Practice Translating ἔρχομαι

1. You approach the city because you are not well.
2. Grief comes to her because they are ill.
3. They depart the land to see and to learn other things.
4. For I see that you do not come at a good time.
5. And yet he does not come to explain the riddle.
6. We go in and we give the woman these things.
7. I confer with her and we leave the land.
8. I do not have fear since I, a friend, come. OR I do not have fear since I come as a friend.
9. I approach and I strike the door.
10. I come in and give to him the letter.

Module 10 Answers to Practice Translating φημί

1. Alkestis says, “I see Helios and the light of day.”
2. Admetos says, “Helios sees you and me.”
3. Alkestis says, “Helios sees my land and country of Iolkos.”
4. Admetos says, “I tell you not to forsake me.”
5. Alkestis says, “I see two oars and I see the hull of a ship on the lake.”
6. Admetos says, “You speak of a voyage bitter to me.”
7. Alkestis says, “He drives me. Hades drives me. Don’t you see?”
8. Admetos says, “You speak of a voyage lamentable to friends and children.”
9. Alkestis says, “It is necessary for you to let me go, now.”
10. Admetos says, “Alas, you speak a word wretched to hear.”

Module 10 Answers to Practice Parsing Greek Sentences

καὶ φόβος αὐτὸν ἔχει καὶ διὰ ταῦτα φεύγει. Fear holds him and so he flees.

καί: coordinating conjunction

φόβος: nominative, subject of ἔχει

αὐτόν: accusative, direct object of ἔχει

ἔχει: third-person singular, present indicative active

καί: coordinating conjunction

διά: preposition

ταῦτα: accusative object of διά

φεύγει: third-person singular, present indicative active

ὁράω γὰρ ὅτι οὐκ ἔρχῃ πρὸς καιρόν. For I see that you do not come at a good time.

ὁράω: first-person singular, present indicative active

γάρ: postpositive, conjunction

ὅτι: subordinating conjunction

οὐκ: adverb modifying ἔρχῃ

ἔρχῃ: second-person singular, present indicative middle or passive

πρός: preposition

καιρόν: accusative object of preposition

Module 11 Answers to Practice with Persistent Accent

1. θεός: θεόν, θεοί, θεούς
2. λόγος: λόγου, λόγῳ, λόγον, λόγοι, λόγων, λόγοις, λόγους, λόγοι
3. ἄνθρωπος: ἀνθρώπου, ἀνθρώπῳ, ἄνθρωπον, ἀνθρώπων, ἀνθρώποις, ἄνθρωποι
4. ἀρχή: ἀρχήν, ἀρχαί, ἀρχάς
5. πρᾶγμα: πράγματος, πράγματι, πράγματα, πραγμάτων
6. πόλεμος: πολέμου, πολέμῳ, πόλεμον, πολέμων, πολέμοις, πολέμους, πόλεμοι
7. λιμήν: λιμένος, λιμένι, λιμένα, λιμένες, λιμένων, λιμένας
8. χώρᾱ: χώρᾱς, χώραις, χῶραι
9. ὄνομα: ὀνόματος, ὀνόματι, ὀνόματα, ὀνομάτων
10. σῶμα: σώματος, σώματι, σώματα, σωμάτων

Module 11 Answers to Practice Translating

Apollo: Zeus kills my son, Asklepios, and throws fire into his chest. For I anger him when I kill the makers of Zeus’ fire, the Kyklopes. My father forces me to be a slave to a mortal man as payment for these things. I go to the land and I serve as cowherd to a stranger and I save his house. I am devout and I meet a devout man, Pheres’ son, Admetos. I save him from dying and I trick the fates. The goddesses make a promise to me and say that Admetos immediately escapes Hades and gives in exchange another’s corpse to those below. He tests everyone and goes through his loved ones, father and mother. He finds no one, except his wife. His mother gives him birth but does not wish to die for him. His wife is willing to look no longer upon the daylight; at home he holds her in his hands and she barely breathes.

Module 11 Answers to Practice Parsing Greek Sentences

ὁ Ζεὺς κτείνει παῖδα τὸν ἐμόν, Ἀσκληπιόν, καὶ στέρνοις ἐμβάλλει φλόγα. Zeus kills my son, Asklepios, and throws fire into his chest.

ὁ: nominative adjective, agrees in gender, case, and number with Ζεύς

Ζεύς: nominative, subject of κτείνει

κτείνει: third-person singular, present indicative active

παῖδα: accusative, direct object of κτείνει

τόν: accusative adjective, agrees in gender, case, and number with παῖδα

ἐμόν: accusative adjective, agrees in gender, case, and number with παῖδα

Ἀσκληπιόν: accusative noun in apposition with παῖδα

καί: coordinating conjunction

στέρνοις: dative, object of the prefix ἐν- of ἐμβάλλει

ἐμβάλλει: third-person singular, present indicative active

φλόγα: accusative, direct object of ἐμβάλλει

Module 12 Answers to Practice Translating Substantive Adjectives

1. The women of today.
2. The men of that time.
3. The men in the road.
4. The women especially.
5. The things of today.
6. The things of yesterday.
7. The women from the land.
8. The man on the horse.
9. Those down below.
10. The things pertaining to war.
11. To the men in the sea.
12. Contrary to the things of virtue.
13. Through the necessity of the things of war.
14. According to those in the street.
15. In comparison with the things in the beginning of time.
16. Subject to the law of those in charge.
17. The one . . . the other.
18. Some . . . others.

Module 12 Answers to Practice Translating

Iphigeneia: The son of Tantalos goes to Pisa and with swift horses marries the daughter of Oinomaos. The children of Atreus are Menelaos and Agamemnon. From him and the daughter of Tyndareos, I, Iphigeneia, am born. Because of Helen my father sacrifices me to Artemis at the famous glens of Aulis. For here lord Agamemnon gathers a Greek force of a thousand ships and wishes to seize the prize of Ilium. The son of Atreus wishes to chase down the marriage of Helen and bring favor to Menelaos. Although he wishes to release his ships from land, the lord of the campaign, Agamemnon, is unable. He experiences a difficult inability to sail and so goes for sacrifices and Kalkhas says to him these things. Kalkhas says that it is necessary for my father to sacrifice me, his daughter Iphigeneia, to Artemis and for her to accept the payment. Kalkhas says to him that he promised to sacrifice the most beautiful child to the light-bringing goddess. And Klytaimestra gives birth to the child, Iphigeneia. By the most beautiful Kalkhas is referring to me and so it is necessary for my father to sacrifice me. By Odysseus’ cunning he takes me from my mother for marriage to Akhilleus.

Module 12 Answers to Practice Parsing Greek Sentences

δεινῆς δʼ ἀπλοίας τυγχάνει ὥστε εἰς ἔμπυρʼ ἔρχεται καὶ αὐτῷ λέγει ὁ Κάλχας ταῦτα. He experiences a difficult inability to sail and so goes for sacrifices and Kalkhas says to him these things.

δεινῆς: genitive adjective, agrees in gender, case, and number with ἀπλοίας.

δέ: coordinating conjunction

ἀπλοίας: genitive, direct object of the verb τυγχάνει

τυγχάνει: third person singular, present indicative active

ὥστε: subordinating conjunction

εἰς: preposition

ἔμπυρα: accusative, object of εἰς

ἔρχεται: third-person singular, present indicative middle or passive

καί: coordinating conjunction

αὐτῷ: dative, indirect object with λέγει

λέγει: third person singular, present indicative active

ὁ: nominative adjective, agrees in gender, case, and number with Κάλχας

Κάλχας: nominative, subject of λέγει

ταῦτα: accusative, object of λέγει

Module 13 Answers to Practice Understanding Adjective and Noun Agreement

Module 13 Answers to Practice Translating

Helen: The story is that Zeus takes the form of a swan and flies to Leda, my mother of Helen. My name is Helen and I tell the Greeks what evils I suffer. On account of beauty three goddesses come to Mt. Ida, Hera, Kypris, and the maiden. The goddesses wish to decide the trial of beauty. Kypris wins and gives my beauty to Alexandros. Paris departs Mt. Ida and arrives in Sparta and wishes to have my marriage-bed. Hera complains because she does not defeat the goddesses and she fills with air my marriage to Alexandros. Hera does not give me but she makes an image similar to me and she puts it together from the sky. The will of Zeus brings war to the land of the Greeks and to the Phrygians. Zeus wishes to lighten mother earth of the great throng of mortals and to make Akhilleus famous. Hermes takes me and hides me in a cloud and places me in the house of Proteus.

Module 13 Answers to Practice Parsing Greek Sentences

τὰ δὲ Διὸς βουλεύματα πόλεμον εἰσφέρει Ἑλλήνων χθονί καἰ Φρυξί. The will of Zeus brings war to the land of the Greeks and to the Phrygians.

τά: nominative adjective, agrees in gender, case, and number with βουλεύματα

δέ: coordinating conjunction

Διός: genitive, possesses βουλεύματα

βουλεύματα: nominative, subject of εἰσφέρει

πόλεμον: accusative, direct object of εἰσφέρει

εἰσφέρει: third-person singular, present indicative active

Ἑλλήνων: genitive, possesses χθονί

χθονί: dative, indirect object with εἰσφέρει

καί: coordinating conjunction

Φρυξί: dative, indirect object with εἰσφέρει

Module 14 Answers to Practice Declining Nouns

Module 14 Answers to Practice Translating the Interrogative Pronoun and Adjective

1. Who rules the army?
2. What is it necessary for her to do?
3. To whom are you sending gifts?
4. Whose book do we have?
5. It is necessary for whom to come? (Who must come?)
6. What king rules the land?
7. What work is it necessary for them to do? (What must they do?)
8. What poet’s book do they have?
9. It is necessary for what soldiers to come? (What soldiers must come?)
10. To what soldiers is it necessary to go?

Module 14 Answers to Practice Translating the Indefinite Pronoun and Adjective

1. Someone rules the army.
2. It is necessary for her to do something. (She must do something.)
3. Are you sending the gifts to anyone?
4. Do we have anyone’s book?
5. Is it necessary for anyone to come? (Must anyone come?)
6. Does some king rule the land?
7. Is it necessary for them to do some deed? (Must they do some deed?)
8. Do they hold the book of any poet?
9. Ιt is necessary for some soldiers to come?
10. Is it necessary to go to any soldiers?

Module 14 Answers to Practice Translating the Indefinite Relative Pronoun and Indefinite Interrogative Pronoun and Adjective

1. Whoever rules the army is doing good things.
2. Whatever it is necessary for her to do she does well.
3. I send bad things to whomever you send gifts.
4. Whatever king rules the land suffers evil things.

Module 14 Answers to Practice Translating

My name is Amphitryon, the sharer of Zeus’ bed and father of Herakles. I live in Thebes where the earth-born grain of the Spartoi grows. Some of them Ares saves, a small number; others die. The Spartoi people the city of Kadmos with children of children. Then from them is born Kreon, the son of Menoikeus, lord of the land. Kreon is the father of Megara; the Kadmeans once cheered her in wedding-songs with a pipe. Then to her home, Thebes, where I live, famous Herakles brings her. He leaves Thebes, Megara, and his relatives. My son strives to live in the Kyklopian city, Tiryns. I flee the Argive walls when I kill Elektryon. He lightens my misfortune. And he wishes to live in his fatherland and so he pays a big price to Eurystheus for my return—to tame the earth. Either Hera overpowers him with barbs or fate forces him to suffer. And he achieves his other labors and after these things he goes to Hades to bring back the three-bodied dog, his last labor.

Module 14 Answers to Practice Parsing Greek Sentences

εἴθʼ Ἥρα αὐτὸν δαμάζει κέντροις εἴτε αὐτὸν ἡ μοῖρα ἀναγκάζει παθεῖν. Either Hera overpowers him with barbs or fate forces him to suffer.

εἴθʼ (εἴτε): coordinating conjunction

Ἥρα: nominative, subject of δαμάζει

αὐτόν: accusative, object of δαμάζει

δαμάζει: third-person singular, present indicative active

κέντροις: dative, means or instrument

εἴτε: coordinating conjunction

αὐτόν: accusative, object of ἀναγκάζει

ἡ: nominative adjective, agrees in gender, case, and number with μοῖρα

μοῖρα: nominative, subject of ἀναγκάζει

ἀναγκάζει: third-person singular, present indicative active

παθεῖν: dynamic infinitive with ἀναγκάζει

Module 15 Answers to Practice with Attributive Position

Module 15 Answers to Practice with Predicate Position

Module 15 Answers to Practice Translating

1. The universe is change; life is a process.
2. There is only one good, knowledge; and only one evil, ignorance.
3. Nothing evil is without good.
4. Place is supreme. It contains everything.
5. Good and bad are the same thing.
6. Life is short, art is long, opportunity is fleeting, experience slippery, judgment difficult.
7. For a human an unexamined life is not livable.
8. In reality we know nothing. For truth exists in an abyss.
9. All flows; nothing stays.
10. Of mortals no one is fortunate until the end.
11. Of all inevitable evils time is the cure.
12. Wisest is time, for it discovers everything.
13. Perception or measure is time not substance.
14. For humans the future is uncertain and small affairs become the cause of major events.
15. Swiftest is the mind, for it runs through all.
16. The work of the foot is slow; that of the mind is swift.
17. The mirror of the body is bronze and of the mind it is wine.
18. For a wise human the whole earth is accessible. For the entire universe is the country of a good soul.
19. From a bad beginning comes a bad end.
20. Human nature differs as does human character.
21. The world’s a stage; life is the entranceway. You enter, you observe, you depart.
22. It is impossible to escape fate.
23. Good things are difficult.
24. One swallow does not make spring and one bee does not make honey.
25. It is necessary for a stranger to follow the customs each country has.
26. Friend knows friend when there is danger.
27. Long are the fingers of tyrants.
28. If you are hungry, everything is edible.
29. Great knowledge does not teach intelligence.
30. Humans are by nature political animals.
31. A life without feasting is a long journey without inns.
32. It is better for fools to be ruled than for them to rule.

Module 15 Answers to Practice Parsing Greek Sentences

τῷ ξένῷ δεῖ ἀκολουθέειν τοῖς ἐπιχωρίοις νόμοις. It is necessary for a stranger to follow the customs each country has.

τῷ: dative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with ξένῳ

ξένῳ: dative, indirect object with δεῖ

δεῖ: third-person singular, present indicative active; impersonal verb

ἀκολουθέειν: dynamic infinitive with δεῖ

τοῖς: dative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with νόμοις

ἐπιχωρίοις: dative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with νόμοις

νόμοις: dative, object of the verb ἀκολουθέειν

τὸ τοῦ ποδὸς μὲν βραδύ· τὸ τοῦ δὲ νοῦ ταχύ. The work of the foot is slow; that of the mind is swift.

τὸ τοῦ ποδός: substantive noun in the nominative, subject of an implied is

μέν: adverb, contrasts with δέ

βραδύ: nominative adjective, predicate adjective, agrees in gender case and number with the substantive noun, τὸ τοῦ ποδός

τὸ τοῦ δὲ νοῦ: substantive noun in the nominative, subject of an implied is

δέ: adverb, contrasts with μέν

ταχύ: nominative adjective, predicate adjective, agrees in gender case and number with the substantive noun, τὸ τοῦ δὲ νοῦ

Module 16 Answers to Practice Translating

Dionysos: I, Dionysos, Zeus’ son, have come to the land of Thebes. The daughter of Kadmos, Semele, gave birth to me and a lightning bolt served as midwife. From a god I change to mortal form. I see my mother’s tomb and the ruins of our house. They smolder still, a blaze of Zeus’ fire, the eternal wrath of Hera against my mother. I praised Kadmos, for he made the land untouchable, a sacred precinct of his daughter. I leave the lands of the Lydians and Phrygians and the fields of the Persians and the Baktrian walls and the country of the Medes. And I travel to Arabia and Asia. Asia lies along the sea and has cities filled with a mix of Greeks and barbarians. There I already danced and esbablished my rights. And now I come to a city of the Greeks because I am a god revealed to mortals. With my cries of the Greek lands I first excite Thebes. From my body I hang a deer skin and give a thyrsus to my hand, an ivied spear.

Module 16 Answers to Practice Parsing Greek Sentences

καὶ νεβρίδα ἐξάπτω χροὸς θύρσον τε δίδωμι ἐς χεῖρα, κίσσινον βέλος. From my body I hang a deer skin and give a thyrsus to my hand, an ivied spear.

καί: conjunction

νεβρίδα: accusative, object of ἐξάπτω

ἐξάπτω: first-person singular, present indicative active

χροός: genitive, object of the prefix ἐκ- of ἐξάπτω

θύρσον: accusative, object of the verb δίδωμι

τε: coordinating conjunction

δίδωμι: first-person singular, present indicative active

ἐς: preposition

χεῖρα: accusative, object of ἐς

κίσσινον: accusative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with βέλος

βέλος: accusative, in apposition with θύρσον

Module 17 Answers to Practice Translating the Infinitive

1. It is good to beware of the scorpion under every rock.
2. I do not prefer to leave the excellent shine of the sun.
3. Death commands me to leave the brilliant stars.
4. I begin to leave the ripe cucumbers and apples and pears.
5. A swallow comes to bring in the beautiful season.
6. It is custom to open the door for the swallow.
7. Eriphanis knows how to cause the most savage to cry with emotion.
8. The god, erect, wishes to go through your midst.
9. Opportunity bids there be no more delay.
10. In Phrygia Rhea persuades the Korybants to dance.

Module 17 Answers to Practice Translating

Dionysos: The sisters of my mother claim that Dionysos is not born of Zeus but had a mortal father and that Semele put the fault of her love-making on Zeus. The sisters boast that Zeus killed her by his flaming fire because she lied about the affair. And so I drive them with madness from their houses. Frenzied in mind they dwell on a mountain. I force them to wear the dress of my mysteries. The female offspring of the Kadmeians, as many as are women, I drive in madness from their homes. They mingle with the daughters of Kadmos and sit on roofless rocks under green pines. For it is necessary for the city, uninitiated in my mysteries, to learn, even against its will, that to Zeus my mother Semele gave birth to me, a god revealed to mortals.

Module 17 Answers to Practice Parsing Greek Sentences

Ῥέα ἐν Φρυγίᾳ μὲν τοὺς Κορύβαντας ὀρχέεσθαι πείθει. In Phrygia Rhea persuades the Korybants to dance.

Ῥέα: nominative, subject of πείθει

ἐν: preposition

Φρυγίᾳ: dative, object of preposition

μέν: adverb, looks to an answering δέ

τούς: accusative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun Κορύβαντας

Κορύβαντας: accusative, object of πείθει

ὀρχέεσθαι: dynamic infinitive with πείθει

πείθει: third-person singular, present indicative active

αὐτὴν αἱ ἀδελφαὶ ἐκκαυχάονται ὅτι κτείνει Ζεὺς ἀστραπηφόρῳ πυρὶ ὅτι γάμους ψεύδει. The sisters boast that Zeus killed her by his flaming fire because she lied about the affair.

αὐτήν: accusative, object of the verb κτείνει

αἱ: nominative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with ἀδελφαί

ἀδελφαί: nominative, subject of ἐκκαυχάονται

ἐκκαυχάονται: third-person plural, present indicative middle or passive

ὅτι: subordinating conjunction

κτείνει: third-person singular, present indicative active

Ζεύς: nominative, subject of κτείνει

ἀστραπηφόρῳ: dative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with πυρί

πυρί: dative, means or instrument

ὅτι: subordinating conjunction

γάμους: accusative, object of the verb ψεύδει

ψεύδει: third-person singular, present indicative active

Module 18 Answers to Practice Identifying the Personal Pronoun and Adjectives in English

Personal pronouns are bolded and personal adjectives are underlined.

1. You can be up to your boobies in white satin, with gardenias in your hair and no sugar cane for miles, but you can still be working on a plantation.
2. Imagine if the government chased sick people with diabetes, put a tax on insulin and drove it into the black market, told doctors they couldn’t treat them, and then caught them, prosecuted them for not paying their taxes, and then sent them to jail. If we did that, everyone would know we were crazy. Yet we do practically the same thing every day in the week to sick people hooked on drugs. The jails are full and the problem is getting worse every day.
3. You’ve got to have something to eat and a little love in your life before you can hold still for any damn body’s sermon on how to behave. Everything I am and everything I want out of life goes smack back to that.
4. If you think you need stuff to play your music or sing, you’re crazy. It can fix you so you can’t play nothing or sing nothing.
5. I hate straight singing. I have to change a tune to my own way of doing it. That’s all I know. I don’t think I ever sing the same way twice. The blues is sort of a mixed-up thing. You just have to feel it. Anything I do sing is part of my life.

Module 18 Answers to Practice Translating Personal Pronouns and Adjectives

1. I say to you.
2. Aphrodite, child of Zeus, I beg you.
3. You mustn’t subdue my heart with desire.
4. Do you hear my cries?
5. Do you leave your father’s house and come to me?
6. Beautiful sparrows bring you.
7. Are you smiling, Aphrodite, with your immortal face?
8. Do you ask why again I call you?
9. Do you ask what I especially wish to happen in my heart.
10. Do you ask whom again I persuade to lead you back into love?
11. Who, Sappho, wrongs you?
12. For if she flees, I command her to give chase quickly.
13. If she does not accept gifts from you but I order her to give to you.
14. If she does not love, I order her to love right away even if she is unwilling.
15. It is necessary to release me from harsh cares.
16. What my heart desires to accomplish, I wish you to accomplish.
17. You are my ally.

Module 18 Answers to Practice Translating

Death: She promises to free her husband and die in his stead, the child of Pelias. And yet now you are here standing guard?

Apollo: You must take heart. I have for you justice and trusty words.

Death: Why then the need of a bow if you offer justice?

Apollo: It’s my custom to carry it always.

Death: Is it also your custom always to assist this house beyond what is just?

Apollo: The fortunes of a friend weigh heavily on me.

Death: And will you deprive me of a second corpse?

Apollo: Not even then did I take him from you by force.

Death: How is it he stands on the earth instead of lying under it?

Apollo: He exchanged his wife and now you come for her.

Death: I will bring her to the nether world.

Apollo: You must take her and go, for I am unable to persuade you.

Death: You wish me not to kill those I must? And yet this is my work.

Apollo: No, but to persuade you to delay death for those about to perish.

Death: I understand your reason and intent.

Module 18 Answers to Practice Parsing Greek Sentences

πάτρος δὲ δόμον λείπεις καὶ εἰς μὲ ἔρχῃ; Do you leave your father’s house and come to me?

πάτρος: genitive, possesses the noun δόμον

δέ: coordinating conjunction

δόμον: accusative, object of λείπεις

λείπεις: second-person singular, present indicative active

καί: coordinating conjunction

εἰς: preposition

μέ: accusative, object of εἰς

ἔρχῃ: second-person singular, present indicative middle or passive

βούλῃ ἐμὲ μὴ κτείνειν αὐτοὺς δεῖ; καίτοι τοῦτο ἐμοὶ ἔργον. You wish me not to kill those I must? And yet this is my work.

βούλῃ: second-person singular, present indicative middle or passive

ἐμέ: accusative, object of βούλῃ and to perform the action of κτείνειν

μή: adverb, modifies κτείνειν

κτείνειν: dynamic infinitive with βούλῃ

αὐτούς: accusative, object of κτείνειν

δεῖ: third-person singular, present indicative active; impersonal verb; supply an understood κτείνειν

καίτοι: coordinating conjunction

τοῦτο: nominative pronoun, subject or predicate nominative; takes the place of killing

ἐμοί: dative, possesses ἔργον

ἔργον: nominative, subject or predicate nominative

Module 19 Answers to Practice Identifying Active and Passive Voice in English

1. I went (active) to the market to buy (active) food for supper.
2. Fish was set out (passive) to be sold (passive).
3. After haggling (active) I bought (active) some at a discount.
4. I paid (active) the fishmonger and departed (active) with my basket of fish.
5. By chance, an old acquaintance of mine, Pithias, was glimpsed (passive) out of the corner of my eye.
6. He too spied (active) me and remembered (active) our friendship from long ago, giving (active) me a friendly kiss.
7. It was said (passive) by him to me that a long time had passed (passive) since last we were met (passive).
8. He said (active) he had had (active) no news of me since departing (active) Athens and our old Master Vestius.
9. He asked (active) me why I had travelled (active) to Thessaly.
10. An answer was promised (passive) by me to him but not until the morrow.
11. I asked (active) him what his office was (active) and why he had (active) so many attendants.
12. It was said (passive) by him that he had been granted (passive) the office of Magistrate of the Market.
13. He asked (active) if I needed (active) his assistance in obtaining (active) my evening’s meal.
14. It was replied (passive) by me that sufficient sustenance had just been obtained (passive) by me.
15. My basket of fish was espied (passive) by Pithias and I was asked (passive) by him the cost and seller of my meal.
16. I told (active) him and took (active) him to the fishmonger’s stall.
17. He berated (active) the old man, who sat (active) in a corner, telling (active) him that the price of the fish was (active) too dear and hardly worth any price.
18. It was said (passive) by him to the old man that Thessaly will be made forsaken (passive) by all if strangers are treated (passive) in this way.
19. I was turned to (passive) next and my basket of fish was cast (passive) on the ground by Pithias and stomped (passive) to pieces by his attendants.
20. The fishmonger was told (passive) that he was chastised (passive) sufficiently and I was told (passive) to depart (active).
21. Amazed (passive) and astonished (passive), I was driven (passive) from the market without my supper.

Module 19 Answers to Practice Translating Active and Passive Voice

1. I give thanks.
2. We lead you to the road.
3. You deem them worthy.
4. You are deemed worthy to go.
5. You begin to hear.
6. They are ruled by them.
7. She (or he) marches to the sea.
8. We are marched to the sea.
9. I take you to the site.
10. I am taken to the site.

Module 19 Answers to Practice Translating

Apollo: Then is it possible for Alkestis to reach old age?

Death: No, not possible. I must enjoy the rewards of my job.

Apollo: And yet you will not carry off more than one corpse.

Death: When the young die I reap greater honor.

Apollo: And if Alkestis dies an old lady, she will be buried with greater riches.

Death: You propose a law that favors the rich, Phoibos.

Apollo: What did you say? Do you realize how smart you are?

Death: Those with wealth will be able to die old.

Apollo: You don’t think to grant me the favor.

Death: Nope. You know my ways.

Apollo: Hateful to mortals and detested by the gods.

Death: You can’t have it all, especially not the things that aren’t yours.

Apollo: A nobleman will come to Pheres’ house and by force will take the woman from you. No thanks will come to you from us and you will still do these things but be hated by me.

Death: And yet the woman will go to Hades’ house. I go for her now and I will take the sacrificial cut of her hair with my sword.

Module 19 Answers to Practice Parsing Greek Sentences

οὐκ ἔστι σοὶ πάντ’ ἔχειν, μάλιστα ταῦτα μή σε δεῖ. You can’t have it all, especially not the things that aren’t yours.

οὐκ: adverb, modifies ἔστι

ἔστι: third-person singular, present indicative active

σοί: indirect object with ἔστι and to perform the action of ἔχειν

πάντα: accusative, object of ἔχειν

ἔχειν: dynamic infinitive with ἔστι

μάλιστα: adverb, modifies an implied ἔστι

ταῦτα: accusative, object of an implied ἔχειν

μή: adverb, modifies an implied ἔχειν

σε: accusative, subject of an implied ἔχειν

δεῖ: third-person singular, present indicative active; impersonal verb

Module 20 Answers to Practice with Adjective and Noun Agreement

1. ἡ (γραῦς)
2. τὴν (πόλιν)
3. τῷ (ἀνδρί)
4. τῆς (γυναικός)
5. ὁ or ἡ (παῖς)
6. τοῖς (χρήμασι)
7. τῇ (ὁδῷ)
8. τοῦ (πράγματος)
9. αἱ (μητέρες)
10. τοὺς (πατέρας)

Module 20 Answers to Practice Translating Substantive Adjectives II

1. Immortal is the woman good in soul.
2. Difficult things are good.
3. For the wise friends are best.
4. The things of friends are not foreign.
5. Speech is a thing devoid of work.
6. For mortals time is a healer of everything.

Module 20 Answers to Practice Translating Pronouns and Adjectives

1. We send these wild animals to her.
2. This general wants money; that general wants power.
3. You are sending these things to them.
4. They (those men or people) want this water.
5. They (those women) flee the tyrant.
6. That man is stronger than this man.
7. This woman sends all the gifts to that woman.
8. The same old woman sends them.
9. The old woman herself sends them.
10. They send him to her.

Module 20 Answers to Practice Translating

Jason: Will you be receptive to my rationale if I tell you about the marriage? Even now you dare not let go the great rage of your heart.

Medea: This is not your reason. Rather marriage to a foreigner in old age will not benefit your reputation.

Jason: You know this well. Not for a wife do I marry the daughter of kings. I have her now, because, as I keep telling you, I want to save you and for my children to produce royal siblings as a defence for my house.

Medea: I am not willing to have a rich but painful life nor wealth if it ruins my health.

Jason: Do you know how to change your mind and appear wiser? For good things must not appear wretched to you and when you are lucky you mustn’t think yourself unfortunate.

Medea: You are allowed to maltreat me since you have means but I all alone will be exiled from this land.

Jason: You yourself are choosing these things. You musn’t blame anyone but yourself.

Medea: What am I doing? Do I wed another and betray you?

Jason: Have you never uttered profane curses against the ruling house?

Medea: And I think I am a curse on your house too.

Module 20 Answers to Practice Parsing Greek Sentences

αὐτὴ τάδʼ αἱρέῃ· δεῖ μηδένʼ ἄλλον αἰτιόεσθαί σε. You yourself are choosing these things. You musn’t blame anyone but yourself.

αὐτή: nominative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with the subject you of αἱρέῃ.

αἱρέῃ: second-person singular, present indicative middle or passive

τάδε: accusative, object of αἱρέῃ

δεῖ: third-person singular, present indicative active; impersonal verb

ἄλλον: accusative, object of αἰτιόεσθαι

αἰτιόεσθαι: dynamic infinitive with δεῖ

σε: accusative, to perform the action of αἰτιόεσθαι

Module 21 Answers to Practice Declining Nouns

Module 21 Answers to Practice Translating

Jason: I want no more of this with you. But, if for our children or yourself, you wish to have as assistance in your exile any more of my money, you will have it. I am prepared to give with an open hand and to send a letter of introduction to my guest-friends. They will treat you well. And if you do not want these things, you are a fool. If you end your anger, you will be better off.

Medea: I do not want help from your friends nor to receive anything from you. Do not give me anything. For the gifts of a wicked man lack benefit.

Jason: And so I call the gods to witness that I am willing to do my all for you and for the kids. But you reject what is good for you. For by your stubbornness you push away your friends. And you suffer more as a result.

Medea: It is time for you to leave or does your longing for your newly acquired bride make you eager to remain out of the house? You thought it best to remarry. Perhaps you will mourn this marriage.

Module 21 Answers to Practice Parsing Greek Sentences

πόθῳ γὰρ τῆς νεοδμήτου κόρης σπουδάζεις χρονίζειν δωμάτων ἐξώπιος; Does your longing for your newly acquired bride make you eager to remain out of the house?

πόθῳ: dative, means or instrument

γάρ: coordinating conjunction

τῆς: genitive, agrees in gender, number, and case with κόρης

νεοδμήτου: genitive, agrees in gender, number, and case with κόρης

κόρης: genitive, dependence with πόθῳ

σπουδάζεις: second-person singular, present indicative active

χρονίζειν: dynamic infinitive with σπουδάζεις

δωμάτων: genitive with the adjective ἐξώπιος

ἐξώπιος: nominative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with the subject you of σπουδάζεις

Module 22 Answers to Practice Identifying the Relative Pronoun in English

Antecedents are underlined and relative pronouns are in bold.

Coltrane had been playing Monk’s tunes as part of Miles Davis’ band but he wanted to learn more, in particular “Monk’s Mood.” So, one night at the Algonquin, Nica’s house, a place at which they often practiced, Thelonious sat down with ‘Trane and taught him “Monk’s Mood.” Hungry to know more Coltrane made a trip which became an almost daily pilgrimage to West 63rd Street. He recounted these visits to critic August Blume with whom he met a year later: “I’d go by Monk’s house, you know. By his apartment, and get him out of bed, maybe. And he’d wake up and go over to the piano, which was in his bedroom, and start playing, you know. He’d play anything, like one of his tunes or whatever. He starts playing it, and he’d look at me. I’d get my horn and start trying to find the thing that he’s playing. And he tended to play over, and over, and over, and over, and I’d get this far. Next time we’d go over it, I’d get another part. He would stop when we came to parts that were pretty difficult. And if I had a lot of trouble, he’d get his out portfolio, which he always had with him, and I’d see the music, the music which he had written out. And I’d read it and learn. He believed a guy learned best without music. That way you feel it better. You feel it quicker when you memorize it and you learn it by heart, by ear. When I almost had the tune which he was teaching me down, then he would leave, leave me with it to fight with it alone. And he’d go out somewhere, maybe go to the store, or go to bed or something. And I’d just stay there and run over it until I had it pretty well and I’d call him and we’d put it down together. Sometimes we’d just get one tune a day.

Module 22 Answers to Practice Parsing in English

1. He (nominative, subject of dedicated); dedicated (verb); silver (adjective modifies bowl); bowl (accusative, direct object of dedicated); and (conjunction); iron (adjective modifies stand); stand (accusative, direct object of dedicated); work (accusative in apposition with stand); Glaukos (genitive, possession); who (nominative, subject); discovered (verb); welding (accusative, direct object of discovered); iron (genitive, dependence with welding).
2. Noone (nominative, subject of knows); knows (verb); about (preposition); Nile’s (genitive, possession of source); source (object of preposition about); Libya (nominative, subject of is); through (preposition); which (object of preposition through); it (nominative, subject); flows (verb); is (verb); uninhabited (adjective, nominative modifies Libya); and (conjunction); desolate (adjective, nominative modifies Libya).
3. Discover (verb); the item (accusative, direct object of discover); which (accusative, direct object of deem); you (nominative, subject of deem); deem (verb); of most (adjective modifies value); value (genitive of value); and (conjunction); for (preposition); which (object of preposition for); if (suborninating conjunction); lost (adjective modifies which); you (nominative, subject of will grieve); will grieve (verb); the most (adverb, modifies grieve).
4. You (nominative, subject of dare); who (nominative in apposition with you and subject of governed); governed (verb); your (adjective modifies country); own (adjective modifies country); country (accusative, direct object of governed); so (adverb, modifies expertly) expertly (adverb, modifies governed); dare (verb); to give (verb, dynamic infinitive with dare); me (dative, indirect object of give); advice (accusative, direct object of give; in the actual Greek the verb συμβουλεύω advise takes a dative object)?
5. He (nominative, subject of goes); goes (verb); to ask (verb, infinitive in the actual Greek is a future participle to show purpose, to be learned later); oracle (accusative, object of ask); if (subordinating conjunction); he (nominative, subject of will capture); will capture (verb); land (accusative, direct object of will capture); against (preposition); which (object of preposition against); he (nominative, subject of marches); marches (verb).
6. Noone’s (genitive, possession); country (nominative, subject of has); has (verb); everything (accusative, direct object of has); land (nominative, subject of is); that (nominative, subject of has); has (verb); most (accusative, direct object of has); is (verb); best (nominative adjective, modifies land).
7. I (nominative, subject of share); share (verb); in (preposition) any (adjective, modifies misfortune); misfortune (object, preposition in); for (preposition); which (object of preposition for); you (nominative, subject of suspect); suspect (verb); me (accusative, object of suspect); responsible (adjective modifies me).
8. Am looking (verb); I (nominative, subject of am looking); at (preposition); woman (object of preposition at); whom (accusative, direct object of married); I (subject of married); married (verb).
9. He (nominative, subject of allowed); allowed (verb); me (accusative, direct object of allowed; to perform the action of the infinitive to stay); to stay (verb, dynamic infinitive with allowed); for one day (accusative of duration of time; one is an adjective modifying day; there is no equivalent in Greek to the English preposition for) on (preposition) which (object of preposition on); I (nominative, subject of will make); will make (verb); three (adjective, modifies corpses); corpses (accusative, direct object of will make); of my enemies (genitive, partitive with three; three is an adjective, modifying corpses; there is no preposition present in Greek which is the equivalent to the English of).
10. I (nominative, subject of met); met (verb); Pheres’ (genitive, possession of son); son (accusative, object of met); whom (accusative, object of saved); I (nominative, subject of saved); saved (verb); from (preposition); dying (object of preposition; in the original a dynamic infinitive with saved); by (preposition); tricking (object of preposition by; in the orginal a participle modifying the subject I); fates (accusative, object of tricking).

Module 22 Answers to Practice Parsing the Relative Pronoun

Module 22 Answers to Practice Translating

Neoptolemos: I hear your words and my head hurts, son of Laertes. For I hate to do these things and I am raised to do nothing by evil craft, both me and my father. But I am ready to take the man by force and not cunning. For on one foot he will not best the two of us in a fight. I work with you but I am reluctant to be named a liar. Lord, if I am acting well, I am willing to fail rather than to win unjustly.

Odysseus: Son of a noble father, I too when young kept a quiet mouth and a talkative hand. But now as I reflect, I see that it is the work of the tongue, not of the hand, that leads people in all ways.

Neoptolemos: Why not order me to say anything other than a lie?

Odysseus: I order you to capture Philoktetes by cunning.

Neoptolemos: Why must we take him by deception rather than persuasion?

Odysseus: He will not obey and we cannot take him by force.

Neoptolemos: Does he possess such fearsome boldness of strength?

Odysseus: He possesses arrows that don’t miss, which bring murder.

Neoptolemos: Aren’t we then bold to go near him?

Odysseus: We can succeed if we take him by cunning as I’ve said.

Module 22 Answers to Practice Parsing Greek Sentences

ἔστιν εἰ δόλῳ αὐτὸν λαμβάνομεν, ὡς ἐγὼ λέγω. We can succeed if we take him by cunning as I’ve said.

ἔστιν: third-person singular, present indicative active; impersonal verb

εἰ: subordinating conjunction

δόλῳ: dative, means or instrument

αὐτόν: accusative, object of λαμβάνομεν

λαμβάνομεν: first-person plural, present indicative active

ὡς: subordinating conjunction

ἐγώ: nominative, subject of λέγω

λέγω: first-person singular, present indicative active

Module 23 Answers to Practice Translating the Imperfect and Aorist Indicative Active

1. I (or they) was (were) doing bad things to us. I (or they) was (were) harming us.
2. I (or they) was (were) persuading them to come.
3. I persuaded them to march.
4. I ask why I (or they) fled.
5. Did you write these things to them?
6. I (or they) found them in the land.
7. We suffered much at their hands.
8. They wanted to live forever.
9. He (or she) ordered them to hand over their money.
10. We were about to capture these things.

Module 23 Answers to Practice Translating

Neoptolemos: Surely it is shameful for us to lie.

Odysseus: Not if lying secures safety.

Neoptolemos: How then can anyone keep his eyes open and dare to utter these things?

Odysseus: If you do anything for profit, it is not fitting to scruple.

Neoptolemos: What gain comes to me if he goes to Troy?

Odysseus: Only his bow and arrows capture Troy.

Neoptolemos: And so I will not sack it as promised to me?

Odysseus: You will not sack it without them nor they without you.

Neoptolemos: And so it is necessary to take them, if this is true.

Odysseus: When you do this, you will win two prizes.

Neoptolemos: What kind? When I learn this from you, I will not refuse to act.

Odysseus: They will call you both wise and good.

Neoptolemos: Alas. I will do these things and cast aside all sense of shame.

Odysseus: You will remember then what I advised you?

Neoptolemos: You know it for sure since I have already consented.

Module 23 Answers to Practice Parsing Greek Sentences

σὲ σοφόν τε καὶ ἀγαθὸν σὲ καλέουσιν ἅμα. They will call you both wise and good.

σέ: accusative, object of καλέουσιν

σοφόν: accusative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with σέ

τε: coordinating conjunction

καί: coordinating conjunction

ἀγαθόν: accusative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with σέ

σέ: accusative, object of καλέουσιν

καλέουσιν: third-person plural, future indicative active

ἅμα: adverb, modifies καλέουσιν

Module 24 Answers to Practice Translating Contract Verbs

1. Therefore it is necessary to think that she is not responsible for all the evils.
2. After this was the government of Drakon in which he first wrote down a number of laws. In those laws there was one punishment, death. His laws were called harsh.
3. He makes light of their words and denies that he is sick; and they believe him and so they kill and eat him.
4. The women seem to me to do the same things as the men.
5. He thought it worthy for the same punishment to be both for the prostitutes and for the women.
6. I am unable to utter assurances other than these that I would do nothing to him before I speak to them. I prefer to speak first rather than to act.
7. Neither do I consent to flee my fatherland nor do I think it fit for him to take so great a penalty from me.
8. After these things, when he killed those he considered most important, he fled at a run.
9. When I considered these things to myself, I thought the old lady will not see me prepared to flee.
10. I indeed know how to bear nobly the things at my feet and to go eagerly and not to consider the hardships which I will endure. I believed it best to flee as quickly as possible.

Module 24 Answers to Practice Translating

Old Lady: Who is at the gate? Will you not go away? Are you going to stand in the courtyard and cause trouble for my masters? If you are a Greek, you will die. We have no dealings with them.

Menelaos: Old lady, you can speak the same words but do so differently for I will listen but you must stop the lecture.

Old Lady: And you must go. It is on me, stranger, to make sure that no one of the Greeks comes near our house.

Menelaos: Why are you pressing my hand and pushing me off by force?

Old Lady: You listen to nothing that I say. You are to blame.

Menelaos: I order you to tell your masters . . .

Old Lady: It won’t go well I think if I report what you say.

Menelaos: . . . I am here, a ship-wrecked stranger, a protected group of people.

Old Lady: It is time now for you to visit another’s house not this one.

Menelaos: No, I will come inside and you will listen to me.

Old Lady: You are obnoxious and now I will drive you off by force.

Menelaos: Where are my famous troops?

Old Lady: There is a place where you are revered but not here.

Menelaos: Dear god, I do not deserve this punishment.

Module 24 Answers to Practice Parsing Greek Sentences

ὀχληρῶς ἔχεις καὶ τάχ’ ὠθήσομαι βίᾳ. You are obnoxious and now I will drive you off by force.

ὀχληρῶς: adverb, modifies ἔχεις

ἔχεις: second-person singular, present indicative active

καί: coordinating conjunction

τάχα: adverb, modifies ὠθήσομαι

ὠθήσομαι: first-person singular, future indicative middle

βίᾳ: dative, means or instrument

Module 25 Answers to Practice Parsing Indirect Statement in English

Module 25 Answers to Practice Translating

Old Lady: Why do your eyes moisten? Why are you sad?

Menelaos: For my former good fortune.

Old Lady: Will you not leave and give your tears to your friends?

Menelaos: What land is this? Whose palace?

Old Lady: Proteus inhabits this house. The land is Egypt.

Menelaos: Egypt? To what dreadful place have I sailed?

Old Lady: Why do you fault the brilliance of the Nile?

Menelaos: I didn’t fault it. I sigh for my life’s lot.

Old Lady: Many people suffer, not just you.

Menelaos: Is he home? The one you call lord Proteus?

Old Lady: This is his tomb. His son rules the land.

Menelaos: Where is he? Out or in the house?

Old Lady: Not within and a Greek’s worst enemy.

Menelaos: What is the blame he bears for which I suffer?

Old Lady: Helen is in this house, Zeus’ daughter.

Menelaos: What are you saying? What tale did you tell? Will you spell it out for me once more?

Old Lady: Tyndareus’ child, who once lived in Sparta.

Menelaos: From where did she come? What sense does this situation hold?

Old Lady: She arrived here from Spartan country.

Menelaos: When? Surely my wife has not been stolen from the cave?

Module 25 Answers to Practice Parsing Greek Sentences

γέλως ἄκαιρος πᾶσι βροτοῖς φέρει δεινὸν κακόν. For mortals ill-timed laughter brings awful trouble.

γέλως: nominative, subject of φέρει

ἄκαιρος: nominative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with γέλως

πᾶσι: dative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with βροτοῖς

βροτοῖς: dative, indirect object with φέρει

φέρει: third-person singular, present indicative active

δεινόν: accusative, agrees in gender, number, and case with κακόν

κακόν: accusative, object of the verb φέρει

Λακεδαίμονος γῆς δεῦρο ἐνόστησ’ ἄπο. She arrived here from Spartan country.

Λακεδαίμονος: genitive, modifies γῆς

γῆς: genitive, object of ἄπο

δεῦρο: adverb, modifies ἐνόστησε

ἐνόστησε: third-person singular, aorist indicative active

ἄπο: preposition with anastrophe

Module 26 Answers to Practice Translating Additional Adjectives

1. All flows; nothing is certain.
2. It is sweet to eat, drink, and laugh.
3. There is much to say but not much time.
4. A big book is akin to a big evil.
5. Τhe river flows directly to the sea.
6. He said that many will hate the one who wishes always to babble nonsense.
7. It is very necessary for the poor to steal.
8. When it was late in the day, we had much wine and conversation.
9. And so time brings all hidden things into the light.
10. For mortals ill-timed laughter brings awful trouble.

Module 26 Answers to Practice Translating

Penelope: But it is necessary for you to decipher and hear the dream. From the water to my house twenty geese come and are eating wheat. I am cheered by them as I look on. Then a great eagle with a hooked beak comes from a mountain. He breaks their necks and kills them all. They lie in a heap in the megaron and he hangs in the shining sky. I weep and cry in the dream. The beautiful haired Akhaian women gather about me and I am sad, crying because an eagle killed my geese. He returns and sits on a roofbeam. With human voice he checks me, saying.

Eagle: You must be brave, daughter of far-famed Ikarios. This was no dream but a fine waking vision which will come to pass. The geese are the suitors. And I who once was a feathered eagle am now again your husband, returned. I will bring a wretched fate upon all the suitors.

Penelope: Then honeyed sleep left me. And I saw the geese in the megaron and I took note. They were feeding on wheat from the trough where they had before.

Odysseus in disguise: I suppose it is not possible to explain the dream in another way since Odysseus himself said how it will end. Destruction seems likely for all the suitors and no one will escape death and doom.

Penelope: Stranger, dreams are impossibly difficult to decipher and for mortals all does not come to pass.

Module 26 Answers to Practice Parsing Greek Sentences

τί νομίζεις τὴν δημοκρατίαν πoλλῷ ἡδίονα τυραννίδος; Why do you think democracy is much sweeter than tyranny?

τί: accusative of respect

νομίζεις: second-person singular, present indicative active

τήν: accusative, agrees in gender, number, and case with δημοκρατίαν

δημοκρατίαν: accusative, subject of the implied infinitive εἶναι

πoλλῷ: dative, degree of difference

ἡδίονα: predicate accusative, agrees in gender, number, and case with δημοκρατίαν

τυραννίδος: genitive, comparison

ὁ δ’ ἂψ ἐλθὼν ἄρʼ ἕζεται ἐπὶ μελάθρῳ· φωνῇ δὲ βροτείᾳ κατερητύει φώνησέν τε. He returns and sits on a roofbeam. With human voice he checks me, saying.

ὁ δέ: nominative subject of ἕζεται

ἄψ: adverb, modifies ἐλθών

ἐλθών: nominative adjective (participle), agrees in gender, number, and case with the subject he of the verb ἕζεται

ἄρα: adverb, modifies ἕζεται

ἕζεται: third-person singular, present indicative middle or passive

ἐπί: preposition

μελάθρῳ: object of ἐπί

φωνῇ: dative, means or instrument

δέ: coordinating conjunction

βροτείᾳ: dative, agrees in gender, number, and case with φωνῇ

κατερητύει: third-person singular, present indicative active

φώνησεν: third-person singular, aorist indicative active

τε: coordinating conjunction

Module 27 Answers to Practice Translating Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

1. Why do you think democracy is much sweeter than tyranny?
2. Small children are sweeter than anything to an old father and mother.
3. The general said that he is stronger than water.
4. Death reminds us of this that wealth is inferior to health.
5. In what way are you of calm character when you hasten most quickly to anger?
6. He said that the greatest wound of a city is an evil speaker, a demagogue because he persuades the people to do harm.
7. I suppose these are the things which make up the newer comedy and which Euripides brought to perfection.
8. In this critical moment will you risk awakening the one who has the most money and the greatest courage?
9. It is a question worth considering. For why is it more reasonable when it is possible to find in both men and women the same faults and virtues, just as Sokrates said.
10. She sends for the woman and when she saw her beauty she says, “hello, lady, false are the slanders; for you hold in your face and eyes the most beautiful drugs.”

Module 27 Answers to Practice Translating

Penelope: For there are two gates of fleeting dreams: one is made of horn and the other of ivory. Some dreams go through sawn ivory. These cheat us with empty hopes and bring us empty words. The others go out through polished horn. These ones offer real accomplishments if any mortal sees them. But on my part I do not think that the grim dream came through this gate. If it did, it will be welcome to me and to my son. And I will tell you one more thing. This coming dawn will be an ill-omened one, for it will take me from Odysseus’ house. For I will now propose a contest, the axes, which Odysseus used to set in the megaron in a row, like the props used to build a ship’s frame, twelve of them in all. He stood at a distance and shot an arrow through them. And now I will announce this contest to the suitors. Whoever easily strings the bow in his hands and shoots an arrow through all twelve axes, this one I will follow and I will abandon the house of my spouse, a beautiful home, full of life, which I think I will one day remember in a dream.

Odysseus in disguise: Revered wife of Odysseus, son of Laertes, no longer in the home must you delay this contest. For the crafty one will return home, Odysseus, before they touch this polished bow and string it and shoot through the iron.

Penelope: If beside me you are willing, stranger, to sit in the megaron and to enjoy ourselves, I do not think sleep would settle upon my eyes.

Module 27 Answers to Practice Parsing Greek Sentences

οὖν τι βούλῃ περὶ τῶν ἐκεῖ φράζειν ἐμοί ἢ ἄπειμι; And so do you wish to tell me anything about the news there or shall I depart?

οὖν: adverb, modifies βούλῃ

τι: accusative, object of φράζειν

βούλῃ: second-person singular, present indicative middle or passive

περί: preposition

τῶν ἐκεῖ: object of περί

φράζειν: dynamic infinitive with βούλῃ

ἐμοί: dative, indirect object with φράζειν

ἤ: coordinating conjunction

ἄπειμι: first-person singular, present indicative active; used for the future

εἴ ἐθέλεις παρά μοι, ξεῖνε, ἧσθαι ἐν μεγάροις καὶ τέρπειν, οὐκ οἴομαί μοι ὕπνον ἐπὶ βλεφάροις χυθήσεσθαι. If beside me you are willing, stranger, to sit in the megaron and to enjoy ourselves, I do not think sleep would settle upon my eyes.

εἰ: subordinating conjunction

ἐθέλεις: second-person singular, present indicative active

παρά: preposition

μοι: object of παρά

ξεῖνε: vocative, direct address

ἧσθαι: dynamic infinitive with ἐθέλεις

ἐν: preposition

μεγάροις: object of ἐν

καί: coordinating conjunction

τέρπειν: dynamic infinitive with ἐθέλεις

οὐκ: adverb, modifies οἴομαι

οἴομαι: first-person singular, present indicative active

μοι: dative, indirect object or possesses βλεφάροις

ὕπνον: accusative, subject which to perform the action of χυθήσεσθαι

ἐπί: preposition

βλεφάροις: object of ἐπί

χυθήσεσθαι: infinitive, main verb in indirect statement

Module 28 Answers to Practice Translating εἰμί and εἶμι

1. Is it possible for you to save the money with which you came and which I gave you?
2. And so do you wish to tell me anything about the news there or shall I depart?
3. She says, “do you know then where the temple of Athene is?”
4. He says, “there is a black rock on the land which will indicate to you where her house is.”
5. When the general had the chance, he wished to keep the peace and not to break it.
6. In my opinion this victory was the women’s. For the men were defeated.
7. Then Kambyses when no water was available to him sent messengers to the Arabian.
8. Kreon enters and makes a proclamation to give Laios’ wife and the realm to the person who solves the riddle of the Sphinx.
9. We are of such great wisdom that we persuade them to do good not by a tyrant’s means but by the use of intelligence.
10. The farmer said to his child that the Sphinx has the face of a woman, the chest and feet and tail of a lion, and the wings of a bird.

Module 28 Answers to Practice Translating

Eukrates: For when in my younger years I was living in Egypt—I was sent there by my father for the purpose of my education—I sailed up the Nile to Koptos and from there made my way to Memnon. I desired to hear the wonder that was there. For it resounds toward the rising sun. And I heard it not as a muttering noise, which is the experience of many. But it opened its mouth and Memnon spoke to me in seven verses. And I am able, if I wish, to make a digression and to speak to you exactly what he said. But I am unwilling. On the journey upstream Memphites sailed with me, a man who was one of the holy scribes. The marvelous man was wise and cultured and knew all about Egypt. The story is that for twenety-three years in their sanctuaries underground he lived and was taught magic by Isis.

Arignotos: You mean Pankrates, my teacher, a priest, clean-shaven, wears white linen, always thoughtful, tall, flat-nosed, big-lipped, skinny in the legs, but he speaks imperfect Greek.

Eukrates: Yes, that Pankrates. And at first I did not know him but when we anchored the ship I saw him and he performed many wonders and he rode crocodiles and swam with beasts. And the animals fawned over him and wagged their tails. And I knew him for he was some holy man.

Module 28 Answers to Practice Parsing Greek Sentences

ὁ πόλεμος καὶ δυστυχία τὰς ὀργὰς τῶν βροτῶν τὰς αὐτὰς ταῖς συντυχίαις καθιστᾶσιν. War and hardship cause the tempers of mortals to be the same as what happens to them.

ὁ: nominative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun πόλεμος

πόλεμος: nominative, subject of the verb καθιστᾶσιν

καί: coordinating conjunction

δυστυχία: nominative, subject of the verb καθιστᾶσιν

τάς: accusative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun ὀργάς

ὀργάς: accusative, object of καθιστᾶσιν

τῶν: genitive, agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun βροτῶν

βροτῶν: genitive, possesses ὀργάς

τάς: accusative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun ὀργάς

αὐτάς: accusative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun ὀργάς

ταῖς: dative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun συντυχίαις

συντυχίαις: dative with the adjective τὰς αὐτάς

καθιστᾶσιν: third-person plural, present indicative active

τὸν Νεῖλον εἰς Κοπτὸν ἀναπλεύσας ἐκεῖθεν ἐπὶ τὸν Μέμνονα ἦλθον. I sailed up the Nile to Koptos and from there made my way to Memnon.

τόν: accusative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun Νεῖλον

Νεῖλον: accusative, object of ἀναπλεύσας

εἰς: preposition

Κοπτόν: object of εἰς

ἀναπλεύσας: nominative adjective (participle), agrees in gender, number, and case with I, the subject of the verb ἦλθον

ἐκεῖθεν: adverb, modifies ἦλθον

ἐπί: preposition

τόν: accusative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun Μέμνονα

Μέμνονα: accusative object of ἐπί

ἦλθον: 1st person singular, second aorist indicative active

Module 29 Answers to Practice Translating μι-Verbs

1. War and hardship cause the tempers of mortals to be the same as what happens to them.
2. Black earth drinks; trees in turn drink the earth; the sun drinks the sea; the moon drinks the sun; why then, comrades, is it not good for me too to drink?
3. By how close the circumstance of death is, it is all the more fitting for people to play at pleasantries. For as quickly as death gives the delights of life, death also takes them.
4. Fate gave to her master the body of Zosima, noble of soul, and now in death, who before was a slave only in body, also she has found freedom for her body.
5. Beside Zeus himself I am filled with ambrosia whenever I look upon the eyes of the one I love.
6. When you look at the stars, Aster, I am heaven and with many eyes I look at you.
7. We have no expectation of growing old or dying when we are in good health; but the time of life for mortals is brief.
8. How did you give health to them when all whom you touch die?
9. It is best to praise; censure is the start of hatred; but it gives me pleasure to speak ill of Attika.
10. Homer and Hesiod gave the gods everything: stealing, cheating, and deceiving one another.

Module 29 Answers to Practice Translating

Eurkrates: I showed some kindness to him for a bit and soon I became his companion and associate and so he shared all his secrets with me. Finally he persuaded me to leave all my slaves behind in Memphis and to follow after him by myself: for we would lack nothing since many would serve our needs. Next we spent our time in this fashion. When we entered an inn he took the bolt of a door or a broom or a pestle and dressed it in clothing. Then he spoke some incantation and made it walk. It seemed to all others to be a human being. It left and filled up water and made preparations and expertly served and ministered to us in all ways. And when the work was finished, Pankrates spoke another incantation and again made the bolt a bolt or the broom a broom or the pestle a pestle. I was very eager to learn this from him but I was not able. For he kept it to himself and yet was most generous in other matters. One day secretly—I was standing in the dark—I overheard the spell. It was about three syllables. And he charged the pestle with the things it was necessary for it to do and left for the agora.

Module 29 Answers to Practice Parsing Greek Sentences

ἓν δὲ βέλτιστον, ὃς κακὰ ἐμὲ ἐποίησε, τοῦτον δέννοις ἀντιδοῦναι κακοῖς. One thing is best: to repay with double troubles the one who does me wrong.

ἕν: nominative, subject of an implied ἐστίν.

δέ: coordinating conjunction

βέλτιστον: nominative predicate adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with ἕν

ὅς: nominative, subject of the verb ἐποίησε

κακά: accusative, object of the verb ἐποίησε

ἐμέ: accusative, object of the verb ἐποίησε

ἐποίησε: third-person singular, aorist indicative active

τοῦτον: accusative, object of ἀντιδοῦναι

δέννοις: dative, means or instrument

ἀντιδοῦναι: dynamic infinitive with βέλτιστον, epexegetical

κακοῖς: dative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with δέννοις

ἔπειτα ἐπιλέγει τινα ἐπῳδὴν καὶ τοῦτο ἐποίεε βαδίζειν. Then he spoke some incantation and made it walk.

ἔπειτα: adverb, modifies ἐπιλέγει

ἐπιλέγει: third-person singular, present indicative active

τινα: accusative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with ἐπῳδήν

ἐπῳδήν: accusative, object of ἐπιλέγει

καί: coordinating conjunction

τοῦτο: accusative object of ἐποίεε and to perform the action of βαδίζειν

ἐποίεε: third-person singular, imperfect indicative active

βαδίζειν: dynamic infinitive with ἐποίεε

Module 30 Answers to Practice Translating Intransitive and Transitive Uses of ἵστημι

1. The child of Alkmene stood in silence.
2. They stood up a trophy in the field.
3. The hoplite fearsome to behold stood upon the altar.
4. Τhe despot stood gleaming in his brilliant armor.
5. They stood up a statue before the gates.
6. They stood up a bronze statue.
7. Entering the middle of the land the old man stood.
8. They stood up a stele facing the senate-house.
9. They stationed half their ships in the middle of the sea.
10. The whole army stood watching.

Module 30 Answers to Practice Translating μι-Verbs

1. For the gods for hardships made a cure for our terrible endurance, friend: one suffers these things for a while and then someone else does.
2. Luck and Fate give everything to man but it is also clear that work and mortal diligence obtain all for humankind.
3. Not for me are the things of wealthy Gyges and I do not yearn for great tyranny. These things are far from my eyes. What I need are aged wine, good conversation, food, and a loving partner.
4. One thing is best: to repay with wicked troubles the one who does me wrong.
5. Of the gods Zeus is the truest prophet and holds the end of all things and gives everything, both good and bad, to mortals.
6. Best by Zeus is for neither the Peloponnesians nor any Boiotion, except for the eels, to live.
7. For there is no pleasure to those who employ force instead of intelligence.
8. It is by far preferable to get rid of laws that are unjust and old and to enact others which will protect the citizens.
9. It is necessary for those who are well to enact laws for the state and to punish those who disregard them.
10. It is good to set friendship ahead of profit and to prefer friends to money.

Module 30 Answers to Practice Translating

Eukrates: On the next day when he was attending to some business in the agora I took the pestle and dressed it similarly. Next I chanted the syllables and told it to carry water. It filled the amphora and brought it. I ordered it to stop, to cease carrying water, and to become a pestle again. It no longer wished to obey me but kept carrying water. It completely filled our house with water and it overflowed. I have no solution to the problem and am frightened. If Pankrates returns, he will be upset. And this is what happened. I took an ax and cut the pestle in two. Each part grabbed an amphora, carried water, and became two servants instead of one. Meanwhile Pankrates entered and grasped the situation. He made them wood again just as they were before the spell. He secretly left me. And I don’t know whither he disappeared.

Deinomakhes: Are you able to make a person from a pestle?

Eukrates: By Zeus only halfway. For I am not able to lead it back into is old form if once it becomes a water-bearer. But our house will have to be flooded.

Module 30 Answers to Practice Parsing Greek Sentences

ὁρῶ ὅτι ταύτην μὲν οὖν χρὴ νομίζειν οὐ τὴν αἰτίαν τῶν πάντων κακῶν εἶναι. I see that it is necessary to think that she is not responsible for all the evils.

ὁρῶ: first-person singular, present indicative active

ὅτι: subordinating conjunction

ταύτην: accusative, subject of εἶναι in indirect statement

μέν: adverb, looks forward to an answering δέ

οὖν: adverb, modifies χρή

χρή: third-person singular, present indicative active; impersonal verb

νομίζειν: dynamic infinitive with χρή

οὐ: adverb, modifies εἶναι

τήν: accusative adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with αἰτίαν

αἰτίαν: accusative, predicate accusative with ταύτην

τῶν: genitive adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with κακῶν

πάντων: genitive adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with κακῶν

κακῶν: genitive with the adjective αἰτίαν

εἶναι: infinitive, main verb in indirect statement

δύνασαι ἄνθρωπον ποιεῖν ἐκ τοῦ ὑπέρου; Are you able to make a person from a pestle?

δύνασαι: second-person singular, present indicative middle or passive

ἄνθρωπον: accusative, object of ποιεῖν

ποιεῖν: dynamic infinitive with δύνασαι

ἐκ: preposition

τοῦ: genitive adjective, agrees in gender, number, and case with ὑπέρου

ὑπέρου: genitive, object of ἐκ