29.1: Regular Verbs
- Page ID
- 152101
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Regular Verbs
REGULAR -er VERBS: (Model: parler)
| Past Participle | parlé | j'ai parlé, ... |
| Present Participle | parlant |
| Present Indicative | je parle | nous parlons |
| tu parles | vous parlez | |
| il/elle/on parle | elles/ils parlent |
| Imperfect | je parlais, ... | (-ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient) |
| Future | je parlerai, ... | (-as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont) |
| Conditional | je parlerais, ... | (same as Imperfect endings) |
| Present Subjunctive | je parle | nous parlions |
| tu parles | vous parliez | |
| il/elle/on parle | elles/ils parlent |
| Past Definite | je parlai | nous parlâmes |
| tu parlas | vous parlâtes | |
| il/elle parla | elles/ils parlèrent |
| Imperative | parle(s)*, parlons, parlez |
* All -er verbs, regular or irregular, follow the same pattern for the tu-form of the imperative: no -s except when the following word begins with a vowel sound.
Note: There are some spelling conventions that involve -er verbs. They appear complex but make sense once you see that the variations directly reflect the way (1) the various forms of the verb change in sound as the stress changes or (2) the spelling is required to indicate the "soft" g or c in front of standard endings that begin with "hard" vowels.
1. Verb like répéter, appeler, and espérer undergo a spelling change when the stress passes from the final position (stress is on the final position in the infinitive, appeler, and in the 1st and 2nd plural, present indicative, appelons, appelez) to the next-to-last position (as in all other present tense forms: j'appelle, tu appelles, il appelle, elles appellent). As you see from the examples, for appeler, the l is doubled; for some other verbs, the e in next-to-last position takes a grave accent: espérer becomes j'espère.
2. Verbs like changer and placer add an -e- or place a cedilla under the c when the g or c are followed by an a, o, u (so called "hard" vowels). Thus, we have changeons and plaçons.
REGULAR -ir VERBS: (Model: finir)
| Past Participle | fini | j'ai fini, ... |
| Present Participle | finissant |
| Present Indicative | je vends | nous vendons |
| tu vends | vous vendez | |
| il/elle vend | elles/ils vendent |
| Imperfect | je vendais, ... |
| Future | je vendrai, ... |
| Conditional | je vendrais, ... |
| Present Subjunctive | je vende | nous vendions |
| tu vendes | vous vendiez | |
| elle/il vende | ils/elles vendent |
| Past Definite | je vendis | nous vendîmes |
| tu vendis | vous vendîtes | |
| il/elle vendit | elles/ils vendirent |
| Imperative | vends, vendons, vendez |