1.1: Irregular Verbs
- Page ID
- 108051
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Verbs
There are two general types of verbs in English: Regular Verbs and Irregular Verbs.
Regular verbs end in ED in their past form as well as in their past participle form. (Regular verbs that end in a consonant plus a Y change the Y to I and then add ED.) Irregular Verbs change forms in the past tense and in their past participle forms. Note the differences below.
| Regular Verbs | Irregular Verbs | ||||
| open | opened | open | go | went | gone |
| start | started | started | feel | felt | felt |
| type | typed | typed | dig | dug | dug |
| smoke | smoked | smoked | show | showed | shown |
| collect | collected | collected | fly | flew | flow |
Irregular Verbs
(This is not an entire list of irregular verbs in English. However, for beginning to low intermediate level of ESL, this list is adequate.)
| Base Form | S Form | Past Tense | Past Participle | Present Participle |
| be (am is are) | --- | was/were | been | being |
| beat | beats | beat | beaten | beating |
| become | becomes | became | become | becoming |
| begin | begins | began | begun | beginning |
| bend | bends | bent | bent | bending |
| bite | bites | bit | bitten | biting |
| bleed | bleeds | bled | bled | bleeding |
| blow | blows | blew | blown | blowing |
| break | breaks | broke | broken | breaking |
| bring | brings | brought | brought | bringing |
| build | builds | built | built | building |
| buy | buys | bought | bought | buying |
| catch | catches | caught | caught | catching |
| choose | chooses | chose | chosen | choosing |
| come | comes | came | come | coming |
| cost | costs | cost | cost | costing |
| cut | cuts | cut | cut | cutting |
| dig | digs | dug | dug | digging |
| do | does | did | done | doing |
| draw | draws | drew | drawn | drawing |
| drink | drinks | drank | drunk | drunking |
| drive | drives | drove | driven | driving |
| Base Form | S Form | Past Tense | Past Participle | Present Participle |
| eat | eats | ate | eaten | eating |
| fall | falls | fell | fallen | falling |
| feed | feeds | fed | fed | feeding |
| feel | feels | felt | felt | feeling |
| fight | fights | fought | fought | fighting |
| find | finds | found | found | finding |
| flee | flees | fled | fled | fleeing |
| fly | flies | flew | flown | flying |
| forbid | forbids | forbade | forbidden | forbidding |
| forget | forgets | forgot | forgotten | forgetting |
| forgive | forgives | forgave | forgiven | forgiving |
| freeze | freezes | froze | forzen | freezing |
| get | gets | got | gotten | getting |
| give | gives | gave | given | giving |
| go | goes | went | gone | going |
| grow | grows | grew | grown | growing |
| hang | hangs | hung | hung | hanging |
| have | has | had | had | having |
| hear | hears | heard | heard | hearing |
| hide | hides | hid | hidden | hidomg |
| hit | hits | hit | hit | hitting |
| hold | holds | held | held | holding |
| hurt | hurts | hurt | hurt | hurting |
| keep | keeps | kept | kept | keeping |
| know | knows | knew | known | knowing |
| lead | leads | led | led | leading |
| leave | leaves | left | left | leaving |
| lend | lends | lent | lent | lending |
| let | lets | let | let | letting |
| lie | lies | lay | lain | lying |
| lose | loses | lost | lost | losing |
| make | makes | made | made | making |
| mean | means | meant | meant | meaning |
| meet | meets | met | met | meeting |
| mistake | mistakes | mistook | mistaken | mistaking |
| mow | mows | mowed |
mown mowed |
mowing |
| overhear | overhears | overheard | overheard | overhearing |
| Base Form | S Form | Past Tense | Past Participle | Present Participle |
| pay | pays | paid | paid | paying |
| prove | proves | proved | proven | proving |
| put | puts | put | put | putting |
| quit | quits | quit | quit | quitting |
| read | reads | read | read | reading |
| ride | rides | rode | ridden | riding |
| ring | rings | rang | rung | ringing |
| rise | rises | rose | risen | rising |
| run | runs | ran | run | running |
| say | says | said | said | saying |
| see | sees | saw | seen | seeing |
| seek | seeks | sought | sought | seeking |
| sell | sells | sold | sold | selling |
| send | sends | sent | sent | sending |
| set | sets | set | set | setting |
| sew | sews | sewed | sewn sewed |
sewing |
| shake | shakes | shook | shaken | shaking |
| shave | shaves | shaved | shaven shaved |
shaving |
| shine | shines | shone shined |
shone shined |
shining |
| shoot | shoots | shot | shot | shooting |
| show | shows | showed | shown | showing |
| shrink | shrinks | shrank shrunk |
shrunk | shrinking |
| shut | shuts | shut | shut | shutting |
| sing | sings | sang | sung | singing |
| sink | sinks | sank | sunk | sinking |
| sit | sits | sat | sat | sitting |
| sleep | sleeps | slept | slept | sleeping |
| slide | slides | slid | slid | sliding |
| speak | speaks | spoke | spoken | speaking |
| speed | speeds | sped | sped | speeding |
| spend | spends | spent | spent | spending |
| spin | spins | spun | spun | spinning |
| split | splits | split | split | splitting |
| spread | spreads | spread | spread | spreading |
| Base Form | S Form | Past Tense | Past Participle | Present Participle |
| stand | stands | stood | stood | standing |
| steal | steals | stole | stolen | stealing |
| stick | sticks | stuck | stuck | sticking |
| sting | stings | stung | stung | stinging |
| stink | stinks | stank | stunk |
stinking |
| strike | strikes | struck | struck stricken |
striking |
| swear | swears | swore | sworn | swearing |
| sweep | sweeps | swept | swept | sweeping |
| swim | swims | swam | swum | swimming |
| take | takes | took | taken | taking |
| teach | teaches | taught | taught | teaching |
| tear | tears | tore | torn | tearing |
| tell | tells | told | told | telling |
| think | thinks | thought | thought | thinking |
| throw | throws | threw | thrown | throwing |
| undergo | undergoes | underwent | undergone | undergoing |
| understand | understands | understood | understood | understanding |
| underwrite | underwrites | underwrote | underwritten | underwriting |
| undo | undoes | undid | undone | undoing |
| wake | wakes | woke | woken | waking |
| wear | wears | wore | worn | wearing |
| weave | weaves | wove | woven | weaving |
| weep | weeps | wept | wept | weeping |
| win | wins | won | won | winning |
| withdraw | withdraws | withdrew | withdrawn | withdrawing |
| withhold | witholds | withheld | withheld | withholding |
| write | writes | wrote | written | writing |