4.1: Transitioning to CA- Negation in MSA vs CA
- Page ID
- 80123
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)During your studies of MSA, you have probably noticed that the present tense is negated using لا, past tense using ما, and non-verbal sentences using ليس. There are more tools of negation like لم، لن، لا الناهية ، لا النافية. The good news is that in CA, the negation is much simpler with fewer tools to use.
One of the equivalents of ليس in the Egyptian dialect is مِش . In the Levant, it is ما, and in the Gulf, مو. You can add مش before non-verbs to negate, regardless of the gender.
Examples:
محمود مِش طويل.
Mahmoud is not tall.
سامية مِش طويلة.
Samiya is not tall.
الأولاد مش طِوال.
.The boys are not tall
الولدين مش طوال.
The two boys are not tall.
Note
The dual is used in CA but treated grammatically as plural. The word طوال is the broken plural for طويل. The dual pronouns like أنتما، هما are not used in CA.
.أحمد مش عايِز قهوة
I.M is: Ahmed does not want coffee.
L.M is: Ahmed is not the “wanter” of the coffee/is not wanting coffee.
.صفية مش عايزة قهوة
I.M: Safiyaa does not want coffee.
L.M: Safiyaa is not the “wanter” of the coffee/is not wanting coffee.
Note
عايز‘ عايزة are not verbs in Arabic; they are active participles known as اسم فاعل. Read more here about the active participle in English. For more explanation and examples on the active participle in ECA, check this link.
To negate verbs, whether present or past, in ECA use ما before the verb and ش after it. For example, “We do not eat” is:
مَابْنَاكُلْش
Read and listen to following examples of present tense verbs and their negation:
|
المعنى باللغة الإنجليزية |
الفعل المنفي في المضارع في جملة Negated verb in a sentence |
الفعل في المضارع |
الضمائر |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I do not understand French. |
.مَابَفْهَمْش فَرَنْسَاوِي |
بَافْهَم |
أنا |
|
You don’t read newspapers. |
.مابْتقراش جَرَايِد |
بِتِقْرا |
إنتَ |
|
Why don’t you (f.s.2) write in the papers? |
مابْتكتبيش في الورق ليه؟ |
بِتِكْتِبي |
إنتِ |
|
He doesn’t eat a lot. |
.مابْيَاكُلش كتير |
بِيَاكُل |
هو |
|
She doesn’t play in the sand. |
.مابْتِلْعَبش في الَرَمْل |
بِتِلْعَب |
هي |
|
We do not smoke shisha. (بنشرب also means “drink”) |
.مابْنِشْرَبْش شِيشَة |
بِنِشْرَب |
إحنا |
|
You (all) don’t cook in the morning. |
مابتطبُخُوِش الصُبْح. |
بِتُطْبُخُوا |
إنتم |
To negate the future, just formulate the future verb in ECA by adding ح before the present tense. The second step is using مش before the verb. For example:
مِش حنِلْعَب هنا.
We will not play here.
مش حَآكُل في المطعم ده!
I will not eat in this restaurant!
Note
In the future tense, the present-tense “ب” is deleted.
Mini-Dialogues: Examples of using negations and invitations
|
الكلمة والتعبير بالعامية |
المعنى بالإنجليزية |
الكلمة والتعبير المساوي في الفصحى |
|---|---|---|
|
والله |
LM: “by God” IM: (emphasis) |
same |
|
نِروح |
we go |
نَذْهَب |
|
حاجة سَاقْعة |
LM: “something cold” IM: “a cold drink” (incl. soda pop) |
شَراب ساقع أو شراب بارد |
|
أجري |
I run |
same |
|
تيجي معايا |
LM: “ come with me” IM: “ join me” |
تأتي معي |
|
مَش فاضي |
not free ( for a person)
not empty ( for an object) |
N/A |
|
بَس |
but |
(also used in CA)لكن |
|
الأسبوع الجَاي |
next (the coming) week |
الأسبوع القَادِم |
|
مَشْغُوُل |
busy |
same |
|
ماعنديش وقت |
I don’t have time. |
ليس عندي وقت. |
|
فُرْصَة تَانْيَة |
LM: "second chance" IM: "There will be another time to meet or do what was planned." |
فرصة قَادِمَة |
|
إمْتِحَان |
exam |
same |
|
ماباكلش |
ما+ باكل+ ش
I do not eat |
لا آكُل |
|
الهندي |
Indian |
same |
|
الصيني |
Chinese |
same |
|
عصير قصب |
same |
|
|
مابشربش |
I do not drink |
لا أشرب |
|
عصير رُمَّان |
pomegranate juice |
same |
سارة: تِحب ناكل أيس كريم يا بَاسِم؟
باسم: لا و الله / مِش عايز، بَس مُمْكِن نِروح الكُوفي شُوب و نِشَرب حاجة سَاقْعة.
__________________________________________________________
سامية: أنا عايزة أروح النادي علشان أجري في التراك، تيجي معايا؟
مايكل: والله أنا مَشْغول وماعنديش وقت، مُمكن فُرصة تانية؟
__________________________________________________________
نورا: يا مُصْطفى، عنْدَك وقت نِروح السينما يوم الجمعة؟
مُصْطفى: مِش فاضي، عَنْدي إمتحان بس ممكن نروح الأسبوع الجاي.
__________________________________________________________
نادية: يلا نروح المطعم الهندي!
عبد الله: أنا ماباكلش الأكل الهندي، بس ممكن نروح المطعم الصيني.
________________________________________________________
مُصْطفى: تحبي تيجي معايا نشرب عصير قصب؟
فرح: آه، حاجي مَعَاك، بس مابشربش عصير قصب، حاشرب عصير رُمّان.
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